НОВЫЙ НАБОР РЕАГЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ИММУНОФЕРМЕНТНОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЗЕАРАЛЕНОНА В КОРМАХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ

The EIA-ZEARALENONE reagent kit for the determination of zearalenone mycotoxin in feed and food by direct ELISA using microtitration plate has been developed and tested. The evaluated technico-analytical parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the technique of measurements correspond to the modern level of immunoassay development and provide the determination of zearalenone content in agricultural products in a range of 50 to 800 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов ИФА-ЗЕАРАЛЕНОН для определения микотоксина зеараленона в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Установленные технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений соответствуют современному уровню развития иммуноанализа и позволяют с надлежащей точностью определять содержание зеараленона в диапазоне от 50 до 800 мкг/кг в сельскохозяйственной продукции

НОВЫЙ НАБОР РЕАГЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ИММ УНОФЕРМЕНТНОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ АФЛАТОКСИНА В1 В КОРМАХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ

A reagent kit EIA-AFLATOXIN for the determination of mycotoxin (aflatoxin B1) in feeds and foods by direct competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed and tested. The evaluated technico-analytical parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the measurement technique correspond to the modern level of EIA development and provide the determination of aflatoxin B1 content in agricultural products in the range from 2.0 to 50.0 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов ИФА-АФЛАТОКСИН для определения микотоксина афлатоксина В1 в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Установленные технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений соответствуют современному уровню развития иммуноанализа и позволяют с надлежащей точностью определять содержание афлатоксина В1 в диапазоне от 2,0 до 50,0 мкг/кг в сельскохозяйственной продукции.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов ИФА-АФЛАТОКСИН для определения микотоксина афлатоксина В1 в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Установленные технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений соответствуют современному уровню развития иммуноанализа и позволяют с надлежащей точностью определять содержание афлатоксина В1 в диапазоне от 2,0 до 50,0 мкг/кг в сельскохозяйственной продукции

РЕАГЕНТЫ ДЛЯ ИММУНОФЕРМЕНТНОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТОКСИНА Т-2 В КОРМАХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ

A reagent kit EIA-TOXIN T-2 for the determination of mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feeds and foods by a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plate has been developed and tested. The evaluated parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the technique of measurements correspond to the modern level of immunoassay development and provide the determination of T-2 toxin content of agricultural products in a range of 30 to 1000 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов ИФА-ТОКСИН Т-2 для определения токсина Т-2 в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Установленные технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений соответствуют современному уровню развития иммуноанализа и позволяют с надлежащей точностью определять содержание токсина Т-2 в диапазоне от 30 до 1000 мкг/кг в сельскохозяйственной продукции. 

ИММУНОФЕРМЕНТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЕЗОКСИНИВАЛЕНОЛА

A reagent kit EIA-DEOXYNIVALENOL for the determination of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in feeds and foods by a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plate has been developed and tested. The basic components of the kit are polyclonal antibodies to DON, obtained as a result of immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of DON with bovine serum albumin and a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase with DON. The evaluated parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the technique of measurements correspond to the modern level of immunoassay development and provide the determination of DON content of agricultural products in a range of 0.2 to 6.0 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision. The limit of quantitative determination of DON in grain and cereal foods does not exceed 0.2 mg/kg.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов «ИФА-ДЕЗОКСИНИВАЛЕНОЛ» для определения дезоксиниваленола (ДОН) в кормах для животных, пищевой продукции и продовольственном сырье методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Базовые компоненты набора представляют собой поликлональные антитела к ДОН, полученные в результате иммунизации кроликов конъюгатом ДОН с бычьим сывороточным альбумином, и конъюгат пероксидазы из корней хрена с микотоксином. Установлены технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений. Набор позволяет с надлежащей точностью определять ДОН в диапазоне концентраций от 0,2 до 6,0 мг/кг, предел количественного определения исследуемого микотоксина в зерне и продуктах его переработки не превышает 0,2 мг/кг

ИММУНОФЕРМЕНТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФУМОНИЗИНОВ ГРУППЫ В В КОРМАХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ

A reagent kit EIA-FUMONISIN for the determination of mycotoxins of fumonisin B group in feeds and foods by a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plate has been developed and tested. The evaluated technicoanalytical parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the technique of measurements correspond to the mo- dern level of immunoassay development and provide the determination of fumonisin group B content of agricultural products in a range of 0.11 to 6.0 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision.Разработан и прошел внутрилабораторные испытания набор реагентов ИФА-ФУМОНИЗИН для определения микотоксинов, относящихся к фумонизинам группы В, в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). В состав набора входят разборный микропланшет, в лунках которого биоспецифически иммобилизовано моноклональное антитело, готовый к использованию раствор конъюгата фумонизина В1 с пероксидазой из корней хрена, градуировочные растворы, раствор хромогена (ТМБ), субстратный раствор (или готовый к использованию хромоген-субстратный раствор) и стоп-реагент. Установленные технико-аналитические параметры набора и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений соответствуют современному уровню развития ИФА и позволяют с надлежащей точностью определять содержание фумонизинов в диапазоне от 0,11 до 6,0 мг/кг в сельскохозяйственной продукции

Метод прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа для определения охратоксина а в кормах и пищевых продуктах

A reagent kit EIA-OCHRATOXIN A for the determination of mycotoxin ochratoxin A in feeds and foods by a  direct  competitive  enzyme  immunoassay  using  microtitration  plate  has  been  developed  and  tested.  The  conjugate of ochratoxin A with horseradish peroxidase was synthesized using the mycotoxin aminoderivative joined to the carbohydrate chain of the enzyme. A monoclonal antibody to the mycotoxin was immobilized on the surface of plate wells through sheep anti-mouse antibodies. The evaluated parameters of the kit and metrological characteristics of the technique of measurements correspond to the modern level of immunoassay development and provide the determination of ochratoxin A content of agricultural products in a range of 5 to 375 mg/kg with proper accuracy and precision. The limit of quantitative determination of ochratoxin A in grain and cereal foods does not exceed 5 mg/kg.Разработан и испытан набор реагентов «ИФА-ОХРАТОКСИН А» для определения охратоксина А в кормах и пищевой продукции методом прямого конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа в микропланшетном формате. Конъюгат охратоксина А с пероксидазой из корней хрена получен с использованием аминопроизводного микотоксина, присоединенного к углеводной цепи фермента. Моноклональное антитело к определяемому микотоксину иммобилизовано в лунках планшета через антивидовые антитела барана к иммуноглобулинам мыши. Установлены технико-аналитические параметры набора «ИФА-ОХРАТОКСИН А» и метрологические характеристики методики выполнения измерений. Набор позволяет с надлежащей точностью определять охратоксин А в диапазоне содержания от 5 до 375 мкг/кг, предел количественного определения микотоксина в зерне и в продуктах его переработки составляет 5 мкг/кг

Analysis and Choice of Coatings for Increasing the Durability of Parts of Diffusion Units of Sugar Plants

We carried out the study on properties of coatings made of powder materials, which have a high wear and corrosion resistance, to increase durability of parts of diffusion apparatus, which operate in aggressive technological media of sugar beet production. We studied electrochemical properties of the selected coatings and determined the influence of temperature, composition of a technological medium of beet sugar production and electrochemical characteristics of coatings on processes of corrosion and mechanical wear of equipment parts.When the temperature of acidic diffusion juice increases, the electrode potential of friction surfaces moves to the negative side, corrosion currents increase, which indicates an increase in the rate of corrosion.A rate of electrochemical processes on friction surfaces determines the intensity of corrosion and mechanical wear of metals and protective coatings. One of the reasons for slowing down the intensity of wear of materials is the presence of sucrose in the solution. An increase in the concentration of sucrose in diffusion juice leads to the passivation of surfaces of friction of parts, increases the carrying capacity of sliding bearings and reduces the intensity of corrosion and mechanical wear. PN55Т45 coating has the highest corrosion resistance according to the obtained values of electrochemical characteristics and corrosion rates under conditions of corrosion and mechanical wear.We established that the intensity of wear of all coatings reduces with the increase in the load on a friction contact at the selected range, and the intensity of wear of all investigated coatings remains approximately the same at the maximum sliding rate. The highest wear resistance at low loads and sliding rates has PN85U15 covering.We can recommend all investigated protective coatings for the protection of parts in neutral technological media with abrasive wear. In particular, PN55Т45 coating can be used to protect cases and screws, and PN85U15 coating - to strengthen sliding bearings of diffusion apparatus.The study carried out makes possible to substantiate and rationally choose materials for strengthening of surfaces of equipment parts of sugar factories, which operate under conditions of active liquid medium under the action of corrosion and mechanical wear

THE COLLECTION MATERIAL OF GRAIN SORGHUM FOR THE SELECTION ON PRODUCTIVITY

Among the agricultural crops grain sorghum takes the most important part in the solution of the grain forage problem. It’s theoretically and practically important to find new initial material for its breeding. Thus, the study of the world collection of sorghum as the main gene pool of economic-valuable traits, the search of the most promising samples and their introduction into the breeding process will accelerate the solution of the problem. The article gives the results of the researches and the assessment of the collection material of grain sorghum according to the following traits: the duration of the vegetation period, plant height, length and width of the panicle, number of kernels per panicle, kernel weight per panicle, 1000-kernel weight and grain productivity. During the three years of study in the collection trails the forms with large panicles were selected. During the study of the collection of large size of kernels, the trait ‘1000-kernel weight’ varied from 13.6 to 52.8g. 19 samples which formed the kernels of the largest size have been selected, three of which had the weight of 1000 kernels of more than 40g. There have also been considered the early maturing forms with low height. The article presents 12 collection samples with high content of kernels, among which the varieties ‘Mestnoe (к-2736)’, ‘Sorgo prosovoe’, ‘Kafrskoe beloe’, ‘Krupnozernoe 2233’ and ’06-2029’ have the maximum parameters. The samples ‘М-60938’, ‘Sorghum vulgare’, ‘Dzhugara Uch-Ailik (к-987)’ and ‘к7295’ possess the largest weight of kernels per panicle (more than 50g) due to the large size of kernels and large amount of kernels per a plant. There have been selected the samples with the economic-valuable traits for the breeding of new highly productive hybrids and varieties of grain sorghum

ASSESSMENT OF COLLECTION OF GRAIN SORGHUM ON PREMATURENESS (EARLINESS)

We consider a comprehensive study of initial material and finding of the best samples with a complex of economic valuable traits for definite soil-climatic conditions has a great theoretical and practical significance. Thus we have studied and assessed collection samples of grain sorghum on prematureness (earliness).  The studied samples possess significant differences in the duration of vegetation period (from 80 till 132 days) covering all groups of maturity.  A great part of the collection (79% or 209 samples) belongs to a group of early maturity with a vegetation period of 100 days. We allocated the samples of the earliest maturity (‘Orlovskoe’, ‘SPZS-16’, ‘ZSK-148’, ‘Luch 1’, ‘KU-3’, ‘M-61134’, ‘Kremovoe’, ‘Volzhskoe 4’, ‘Pishchevoe 35’, ‘Volzhskoe 44’, ‘Volzhskoe 615’ and ’06-2162’) with a combination of other economic valuable traits, which can be used in the selection on prematureness.  Use of the studied initial material in the selection process resulted in breeding of new early maturing varieties of grain sorghum, which successfully passed the State Variety Testing.  A new early maturing variety of grain sorghum ‘Velikan’ possessing a period of vegetation “germination–complete maturity” of 95-98 days was added to the State Register of breeding achievements in 2012. In 2013 a new early maturing, low-growing (dwarf), white-kerneled variety of grain sorghum ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ with a period of vegetation “germination–complete maturity” of 92-95 days and high productivity and grain quality, was added to the State Register of breeding achievements in the North-Caucasus Region of Russia. The variety of grain sorghum ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ was awarded with a silver medal for a complex of the advantages on the XVI-th Russian AgroIndustrial Exhibition ‘Golden Autumn – 2014’

STANDARDS OF HONEY SAFETY AND QUALITY

Modern beekeeping industry globalization leads to an increase in competition between countries for the foreign market. The products that provide the appropriate level of safety and quality following international requirements would be able to gain a competitive advantage. Establishing a competitive advantage for honey on the world market and improving exports/import process with the guaranteed observance of consumers’ rights and interests require a systematic revision of regulatory documentation for beekeeping products. The study aimed to analyze the current international and national regulations governing the safety and quality of honey. Critical analysis of normative documentation, a comparison of international, European, and Ukrainian requirements for physicochemical indicators of honey quality and content of dangerous contaminants, as well as the study of the organic beekeeping regulation was made. It was found that the national regulatory framework for the safety and quality of honey needs to be optimized. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 contains requirements that are more adapted to international and European standards for honey quality criteria compared to current national requirements. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 still needs to be improved for items governing the value of moisture content and mineral content as well as diastasis activity of honey components. Concerning the production of organic beekeeping products, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine introduced the current EU regulatory framework for organic beekeepin