Social dimentions of labour robotization in post-industrial society: Issues and solutions

This article discusses social consequences of labour robotization and the specifics of employment in the post-industrial society in the information age. This topic is of immediate interest, for it leads to a comprehensive analysis of social and technological reality of the last decades. The authors of this paper discuss the following issues: What effect industry robotization will have on employment? What will the robots' place and status be like in the structure of the post-industrial industry? What are possible ways to neutralize negative social consequences related to employment, resulting from robotization of labour? Our approach is interdisciplinary and we propose a comprehensive examination of multiple modes of interaction between humans and technology within metaphysical, anthropological, sociological and natural scientific frameworks. Our study is based on theoretical works by N. Berdyaev, O. Spengler, L. Mumford, A. Giddens, G. Standing, N. Wiener. The present article examines the specifics of the post-industrial society related to nature of work and employment in the context of robotization of industry and of the service sector. The notion of social robotics and limitations in using social robots in emotional labour are the object of analysis. We claim that robotization of industry has significantly altered the established social order. This refers to robots replacing humans in various economic sectors and a rise in unemployment in developed countries. Precarization of work is examined as an example of marginalization of certain social groups having problems with employment as a result of robotization of industry

The Safety of Nicorandil Therapy and the Relationship with Treatment Adherence in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris (According to the NIKEA Observational Study)

The working group of the NIKEA study: Reznik I.I. (Ekaterinburg), Akulina E.N. (Ekaterinburg), Ezhov A.V. (Izhevsk), Shinkareva S.I. (Izhevsk), Grebnev S.A. (Izhevsk), Skibitsky V.V. (Krasnodar), Kudryashov E.A. (Krasnodar), Fendrikova A.V. (Krasnodar), Skibitsky A.V. (Krasnodar), Matyushin G.V. (Krasnoyarsk), Nemik D.B. (Krasnoyarsk), Pitaev R.R. (Krasnoyarsk), Altaev V.D. (Krasnoyarsk), Samokhvalov E.V. (Krasnoyarsk), Stolbikov Y.Y.. (Krasnoyarsk), Voronina V.P. (Moscow), Lerman O.V. (Moscow), Gaisenok O.V. (Moscow), Dmitrieva N.A. (Moscow), Zagrebelny A.V. (Moscow), Zakharova A.V. (Moscow), Balashov I.S. (Moscow), Leonov A.S. (Moscow), Sladkova T.A. (Moscow), Zelenova T.I. (Moscow), Shestakova G.N. (Moscow), Kolganova E.V. (Moscow), Maksimova M.A. (Moscow), Kuimov A.D. (Novosibirsk), Moskalenko I.V. (Novosibirsk), Shurkevich A.A. (Novosibirsk), Nechaeva G.I. (Omsk), Loginova E.N. (Omsk), Gudilin V.A. (Omsk), Mitroshina T.N. (Orel), Zhuravleva L.L. (Orel), Lobanova G.N. (Orel), Luneva M.M. (Orel), Libis R.A. (Orenburg), Kondratenko V.Yu. (Orenburg), Chesnikova A.I. (Rostov-on-Don), Kalacheva N.M. (Rostov-on-Don), Kolomatskaya O.O. (Rostov-on-Don), Dubishcheva N.F. (Rostov-on-Don), Romadina G.V. (Rostov-on-Don), Chugunova I.B. (Rostov-on-Don), Skarzhinskaya N.S. (Rostov-on-Don), Dobrynina N.V. (Ryazan), Yakushin S.S. (Ryazan), Bulanov A.V. (Ryazan), Trofimova Ya.M. (Ryazan), Nikolaeva A.S. (Ryazan), Sokolova L.A. (St. Petersburg), Savinova E.B. (St. Petersburg), Ievskaya E.V. (St. Petersburg), Vasilyeva L.B. (St. Petersburg), Gomova T.A. (Tula), Zubareva L.A. (Tula), Berberfish L.D. (Tula), Gorina G.I. (Tula), Nadezhkina K.N. (Tula), Yunusova K.N. (Tula), Nikitina V.F. (Tula), Dabizha V.G. (Tula), Renko I.E. (Tula), Soin I.A. (Tula)Aim. To analyze the adverse events (AEs) of nicorandil therapy based on the results of an observational study of NIKEA, to assess the relationship between the occurrence of AEs treatment and adherence to it in patients with stable angina pectoris.Material and methods. The study included 590 people who had nicorandil added to the basic therapy of coronary artery disease (CAD). The followup period averaged 21 months. There were two visits of 1 and 3 months of follow-up (V1 and V3), and after 21 months, by telephone contact (PhC21), it was possible to obtain information about 524 patients (89% response), 509 of whom were alive. Information about the treatment adherence and AEs of nicorandil was collected during V1, V3 and at PhC21.Results. Out of 590 people, 402 (68.1%) patients started treatment with nicorandil. During 21 months of follow-up, 35 AEs were registered in 34 patients. There were no serious AEs associated with taking medications in the study. The most frequent AEs of treatment with nicorandil were hypotension and headache, which led to non-adherence to therapy in 94% and 42% of cases, respectively. The majority of AEs (24 out of 35) occurred during the first three months of nicorandil treatment. Both any AEs of drug therapy and AEs of nicorandil therapy, on average, increase the chance of non-adherence to the recommended treatment by 3 times (p=0.004).Conclusion. The results of the NIKEA study confirmed the good safety of nicorandil in patients with stable angina pectoris, the absence of serious adverse events associated with taking this antianginal drug. The most frequent nicorandil AEs were hypotension and headache. Any AEs of therapy increase the chance of patients' non-adherence by 3 times

The Role of CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Erysipelas

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. The research aims are to study the role of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism in predisposition to erysipelas and reveal connections with the clinical course of the disease. We used the standard techniques of molecular genetic analysis. The DNA samples used in genotyping were extracted from leukocytes of venous blood by deproteinization with a phenol-chloroform mixture. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical data relating to the investigated polymorphic markers were estimated at a 95% confidence level (CL). Genotype frequencies were compared using either the standard Pearson’s chi-squared test or the two-sided Fisher’s exact test. This study presents a comparative analysis of the distribution of gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 (Ile462Val, rs1048943) of phase I detoxification (microsomal oxidation) in the experimental group of 71 patients with erysipelas and a control group of 71 healthy individuals. We also analyzed these relationships of CYP1A1 (Ile462Val) gene polymorphisms with the sex of the patients, the severity and multiplicity of the disease, and the nature of the local process in patients with erysipelas. The results of the investigation indicate the presence of a relationship between cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 (Ile462Val, rs1048943) gene polymorphism and the development of erysipelas. Analysis of these relationships of CYP1A1 (Ile462Val) gene polymorphism with the sex of the patients, the severity and multiplicity of the disease, and the nature of the process in the examined group of patients with erysipelas did not reveal any statistically significant differences

The problem of obesity «through the eyes» of patients (results of the survey of patients of the outpatient registry)

Aim. To assess, based on the results of the questionnaire, patients' awareness of the presence, possible causes and health effects of overweight /obesity; to determine patients' self-assessment of their own weight, information about the methods used to treat the disease, adherence to therapy.Material and methods. The survey of patients of the outpatient registry was carried out as part of a face-to-face visit of inclusion in the observational study of EVA using a specially designed questionnaire. Out of 582 patients of the PROFILE registry who came for a visit in the period from 08.04.2019 to 24.03.2020, 295 people with a body mass index (BMI) were included in the study>25 kg/m2.Results. According to the BMI values, the patients of the study cohort were divided into 4 groups: 108 (36.6%) with pre-obesity, 124 (42.1%) with class I obesity, 42 (14.2%) with class II obesity, 21 (7.1%) with class III obesity. With an increase in the class of obesity, the number of patients who admit the presence of this pathology in self-assessment increases (p<0.0001): 26.6% of patients with grade I obesity, 47.6% with grade II obesity and 81% of patients with grade III obesity gave correct answers. Among the possible causes of overweight/obesity, every third patient of the study indicated physical inactivity (31.3%) and every fifth specified excessive nutrition (20.8%). The majority of patients, 244 (82.7%), believe that being overweight worsens their health, the same number of patients, 255 (86.4%), are sure that they need to lose weight. The most common (70% of responses) for weight loss patients used various dietary restrictions, fasting, only 17% of patients increased the level of physical activity. Frequent violation of the principles of rational nutrition was revealed (insufficient amount of fruits and vegetables in the diet, salting food, eating a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. One hundred and thirty nine (47.1%) patients noted that it was difficult for them to observe any restrictions in food, to adhere to a diethalf of all patients and 70% of patients with class III obesity experience a constant feeling of hunger. Of the 25 patients to whom pharmacotherapy was recommended, 21 (84%) people were adherent.Conclusion. Overweight and obese patients are not always critical of self-assessment of their body weight, and the main reasons for being overweight or obese considered to be inactivity and various violations of the principles of rational nutrition. The patients of the study cohort were characterized by eating disorders and half of the patients showed signs of food addiction. Recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of obesity were received by less than 10% of patients in the study cohort, while the patients' adherence to drug therapy was high

Russian registry of Infliximab.Impact of therapy on the functional status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To evaluate the functional state of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving Infliximab therapy (IF) in real clinical practice and its efficiency. Subjects and methods. The analysis covered 225 patients receiving IF therapy, the follow-up duration in whom was 54 weeks. Disease activity was estimated by the DAS 28 index; functional status was assessed according to the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The authors made an analysis of a Per-Protocol (PP) population (n = 154) at 54 weeks of treatment and an analysis that could consider the results of treatment (by the ACR and EULAR criteria) in patients who had been withdrawn before the control time - a LOCF (Last Observation Carried Forward analysis) population. Results. The mean age of the patients was 47.6±11.4 years; the duration of the disease was 7.8±6.4 years; DAS 28 activity scores were 6.6±1.1; the majority of patients had significant functional impairments (HAQ scores of 2.0±0.7), 86.7% of the patients had extraarticular manifestations; 79.6% were found to have rheumatoid factor (RF); the patients received an average of > 2 disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). After 2 week-therapy, there was a reduction in RA activity by DAS 28 index in both the PP (from 6.7±1.1 to 4.0±1.4) and LOCF (6.6±1.1 and 4.2±1.4; p < 106) populations. Drug-induced remission (DAS 28 < 2.6) at 54 weeks was observed in 16.9 and 15.1% of the patients, respectively. Functional improvement was noted in the PP population: HAQ decreased from 2.0±0.7 to 1.7±0.7 scores by week 2; its reduction continued until week 14 (p < 0.05), by remaining stable later on. HAQ dropped from 2.0±0.7 to 1.2±0.7 scores in the LOCF population. At 54 weeks, normal population values of functional activity were achieved in 16.4%. Log regression analysis in the LOCF population indicated that the previous use of DMARDs and a short history of the disease were predictors of an ACR70 response to IF therapy [OR=1.61 (1.13-2.30), p = 0.008 and OR = 0.91 (0.84-0.98), p = 0.018, respectively]. RF seronegativity was a predictor for achievement of low RA activity [OR = 0.44 (0.23-0.84)]. The previous use of glucocorticoids failed to increase the probability of a good response to IF therapy and achievement of clinical remission [OR = 0.26 (0.11-0.60), p = 0.001]. Conclusion. Therapy with IF in combination with methotrexate or other DMARDs reduces RA activity and improves the functional capacities of patients with RA in real clinical practice

Содержание фенольных соединений в листьях Platanthera bifolia из естественной и трансформированных экосистем на разных стадиях развития орхидеи

The representatives of the family Orchidaceae Juss. are often used as a source of natural antioxidants, including phenolic compounds, which play an important role in plant resistance under stressful conditions. This study investigates the content of lipid peroxidation products and soluble phenolic compounds in flowering plants of Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. growing in natural (forest park) and transformed (fly ash dumps of Thermal Power Stations) ecosystems of the Middle Urals, Russia, as well as the content of flavonoids at different stages of orchid development. Research has shown that in disturbed habitats, P. bifolia is capable of forming abundant populations containing a significant portion of the flowering plants. Additionally, flowering orchids from fly ash dumps contained an average 20 % more lipid peroxidation products, which indicated a shift in the redox balance towards oxidative processes. An increase by 2.4 times on average in the content of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, was observed at all developmental stages of the plants growing in the transformed ecosystems. Regardless of the growing conditions, the non-flowering mature individuals were characterized by a minimum content of flavonoids, probably due to pre-generative metabolic restructuring. Yet, in the period of orchid blooming, the flavonoid content in their leaves increased again in all study sites. At the same time, the flavonoid proportion of the total soluble phenolic compounds was 42 % in the natural habitat, increasing to 66 % on average in the transformed ecosystems. Thus, flavonoids are involved in the protective adaptive responses of P. bifolia, not only ensuring the survival of this orchid but also contributing to the implementation of its ontogenetic program. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved.Acknowledgments. The reported study was partly funded by RFBR and the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, project number 20-44-660011 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of State Task of the Ural Federal University, FEUZ-2020-0057. The authors are grateful to the reviewers, DSc Pozolotina V.N. (Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg) and DSc Dymova O.V. (Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar) for valuable comments that helped improve this paper and to Dr. Tripti (Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia) for editing of the English language

Assessment of the Quality of Drug Therapy in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease in the Second Stage of the ALIGN Study

Aim. To assess adjusted pharmacotherapy for prescribing drugs of the main classes, according to clinical guidelines, and achieving target levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).Material and methods. Of the 73 patients included in the ALIGN study, 64 patients (53 males and 11 females; mean age 68,2±9,4 years) with stable coronary artery disease attended a second visit (3 months after the initial treatment adjustment). Prescribed drug therapy, its compliance with clinical guidelines, achievement of lipid profile and blood pressure (BP) targets were studied in all patients.Results. An increase in the frequency of taking beta-blockers (p=0.002), lipid-lowering drugs (p=0.008) by patients was found during the second visit. The proportion of patients taking all 4 groups of drugs according to clinical guidelines (statins, antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors / angiotensin II receptor blockers) increased from 44% to 65.5% (p&lt;0.001) after correction of therapy, as well as an increase in the proportion of patients taking 1 antianginal drug in the presence of exertional angina from 75% to 89% (p&lt;0.001) was found. About 90% of hypertensive patients achieved the target level of systolic blood pressure (p&lt;0.001). Achievement of the target level of cholesterol low density lipoprotein (&lt;1.8 mmol/l) during the second visit was found in half of the patients (p=0.004).Conclusion. Despite the initial correction of drug therapy by the staff of the cardiology department, the prescribed treatment for patients with stable coronary artery disease did not in all cases comply with clinical guidelines due to insufficient adherence of doctors and insufficient adherence of patients to prescribed medical recommendations.Working group of the register PROFILE: Voronina V. P., Dmitrieva N. A., Komkova N. A., Zagrebelny A.V., Kutishenko N.P., Lerman O.V., Lukina Yu. V., Tolpygina S.N., Martsevich S.Yu

Study of the Quality of Medical Therapy and Adherence in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (According to the COMPLIANCE Study)

Aim. Assess the medical therapy quality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and patients' adherence to the treatment depending on the previous observation in a specialized medical center as part of an of an outpatient registry.Materials and methods. An analysis of the medical therapy quality in patients with CHF was carried out as part of the COMPLIANCE prospective observational study (NCT04262583). 72 patients with CHF verified according to the protocol were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 69.1±9.5 years (31% of women and 69% of men). Patients were divided into groups: those who first applied to a specialized department during the period of the study inclusion, or those who were previously observed in a specialized department. The general adherence assessment to medical therapy was carried out using the original questionnaire «The adherence scale of the National Society for Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy» which was supplemented with questions to assess the actual adherence to specific medical drugs recommended for patients with CHF.Results. According to the results of the study, beta-blockers were prescribed to 70 (97.2%) patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were recommended in 68 (94%) patients. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were included in therapy in 6 out of 9 patients who were shown to be prescribed (66.6%). The choice of medical drugs within the group was not always adequate. For example, ACEi/ARBs with proven efficacy in patients with CHF were prescribed only in 72% of patients. Comparative analysis of adherence to medical therapy between patients of the selected groups demonstrated a higher adherence to the recommended therapy in patients who were previously observed in a specialized center.Conclusion. The medical therapy quality for patients with CHF doesn't always comply with current clinical guidelines. The choice of a medical drug within a group is not always adequate. Regular observation in a specialized center contributes to a higher adherence to the recommended therapy

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION TREATMENT IN MEN AND WOMEN BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ACCORD STUDY (ACRIDILOLE IN COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY OR TYPE 2 DIABETES)

Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of carvedilol in men and women with mild to moderate arterial hypertension, associated with obesity and/or compensated diabetes type 2. Material and methods. Hypertensive patients (n=592, 176 men and 416 women) with obesity and/or diabetes were involved into randomized comparative open-label study in parallel groups. Patients were randomized into two groups. Patients of group A (n=291: 90 men and 201 women) kept on to receive previous antihypertensive drugs except beta-blockers which were withdrawn and replaced with carvedilol (Acridilole®, PLC “Akrikhin”, Russia). Patients of control group (n=301: 86 men and 215 women) kept on to receive only previous antihypertensive drugs. Efficacy of antihypertensive therapy was assessed at every 2-week visits during 24-week observation. Biochemical parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, 12-lead ECG were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Target blood pressure (BP) achievement and safety was assessed in 24 weeks of treatment. Results. Women had more severe metabolic abnormalities compared with men. By the 24th week of treatment significant reduction in systolic BP , diastolic BP , and heart rate was found in the both groups of patients regardless of gender , intergroup differences were significant (p&lt;0,05). By the end of the study target BP level was achieved in 96.3% of men and 96,8% of women in group A and 85.9% and 88.8%, respectively , in the control group (p&lt;0,001). The number of hospital admissions decreased in 4.8 times in men (p&lt;0.0001) and 12 times - in women (p&lt;0.05) in group A, and in 2.7 and 3.3 times, respectively , — in the control group (p&lt;0.0001). Mild to moderate side effects were observed in 32 patients: 19 and 13 patients in group A and control group, respectively (p=0.58). Adverse event rate was not distinguished significantly between men and women. Conclusion: The results show comparable high efficacy and safety of carvedilol in hypertensive men and women with concomitant diseases and high metabolic and cardiovascular risk