1,819 research outputs found
Fixed scale approach to the equation of state on the lattice
We propose a fixed scale approach to calculate the equation of state (EOS) in
lattice QCD. In this approach, the temperature T is varied by Nt at fixed
lattice spacings. This enables us to reduce T=0 simulations which are required
to provide basic data in finite temperature studies but are quite expensive in
the conventional fixed-Nt approach. Since the conventional integral method to
obtain the pressure is inapplicable at fixed scale, we introduce a new method,
"T-integration method", to calculate pressure non-perturbatively. We test the
fixed scale approach armed with the T-integral method in quenched QCD on
isotropic and anisotropic lattices. Our method is found to be powerful to
obtain reliable results for the equation of state, especially at intermediate
and low temperatures. Reduction of the computational cost of T=0 simulations is
indispensable to study EOS in QCD with dynamical quarks. The status of our
study in Nf=2+1 QCD with improved Wilson quarks is also reported.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for
Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennessee. Fonts in the
figures magnifie
Thermodynamics and heavy-quark free energies at finite temperature and density with two flavors of improved Wilson quarks
Thermodynamics of two-flavor QCD at finite temperature and density is studied
on a lattice, using a renormalization group improved gauge
action and the clover improved Wilson quark action. In the simulations along
lines of constant , we calculate the Taylor expansion
coefficients of the heavy-quark free energy with respect to the quark chemical
potential () up to the second order. By comparing the expansion
coefficients of the free energies between quark()and antiquark(),
and between and , we find a characteristic difference at finite
due to the first order coefficient of the Taylor expansion. We also calculate
the quark number and isospin susceptibilities, and find that the second order
coefficient of the quark number susceptibility shows enhancement around the
pseudo-critical temperature.Comment: Talk given at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
(Lattice 2007), July 30 - August 4, 2007, Regensburg, German
Nucleosynthesis in Core-Collapse Supernovae and GRB--Metal-Poor Star Connection
We review the nucleosynthesis yields of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) for
various stellar masses, explosion energies, and metallicities. Comparison with
the abundance patterns of metal-poor stars provides excellent opportunities to
test the explosion models and their nucleosynthesis. We show that the abundance
patterns of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars, e.g., the excess of C, Co, Zn
relative to Fe, are in better agreement with the yields of hyper-energetic
explosions (Hypernovae, HNe) rather than normal supernovae.
We note that the variation of the abundance patterns of EMP stars are related
to the diversity of the Supernova-GRB connection. We summarize the diverse
properties of (1) GRB-SNe, (2) Non-GRB HNe/SNe, (3) XRF-SN, and (4) Non-SN GRB.
In particular, the Non-SN GRBs (dark hypernovae) have been predicted in order
to explain the origin of C-rich EMP stars. We show that these variations and
the connection can be modeled in a unified manner with the explosions induced
by relativistic jets. Finally, we examine whether the most luminous supernova
2006gy can be consistently explained with the pair-instability supernova model.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. To appear in "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After:
Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters", eds. S. Immler, K. Weiler, & R. McCray
(American Institute of Physics) (2007
Equation of state at finite density in two-flavor QCD with improved Wilson quarks
We study the equation of state in two-flavor QCD at finite temperature and
density. Simulations are made with the RG-improved gluon action and the
clover-improved Wilson quark action. Along the lines of constant physics for
and 0.80, we compute the derivatives of the quark
determinant with respect to the quark chemical potential up to the
fourth order at . We adopt several improvement techniques in the
evaluation. We study thermodynamic quantities and quark number susceptibilities
at finite using these derivatives. We find enhancement of the quark
number susceptibility at finite , in accordance with previous
observations using staggered-type quarks. This suggests the existence of a
nearby critical point.Comment: 7 pages, 16 figures, presented at the XXVI International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2008), July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg,
Virginia, US
The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as Nucleosynthetic Probes of the Early Universe
The connection between the long GRBs and Type Ic Supernovae (SNe) has
revealed the interesting diversity: (i) GRB-SNe, (ii) Non-GRB Hypernovae (HNe),
(iii) X-Ray Flash (XRF)-SNe, and (iv) Non-SN GRBs (or dark HNe). We show that
nucleosynthetic properties found in the above diversity are connected to the
variation of the abundance patterns of extremely-metal-poor (EMP) stars, such
as the excess of C, Co, Zn relative to Fe. We explain such a connection in a
unified manner as nucleosynthesis of hyper-aspherical (jet-induced) explosions
Pop III core-collapse SNe. We show that (1) the explosions with large energy
deposition rate, , are observed as GRB-HNe and their yields
can explain the abundances of normal EMP stars, and (2) the explosions with
small are observed as GRBs without bright SNe and can be
responsible for the formation of the C-rich EMP (CEMP) and the hyper metal-poor
(HMP) stars. We thus propose that GRB-HNe and the Non-SN GRBs (dark HNe) belong
to a continuous series of BH-forming stellar deaths with the relativistic jets
of different .Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. To appear in "Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines",
Proceedings of IAU Symposium 250 (December 2007, Kauai), eds. F. Bresolin,
P.A. Crowther, & J. Puls (Cambridge Univ. Press
Full particle simulation of a perpendicular collisionless shock: A shock-rest-frame model
The full kinetic dynamics of a perpendicular collisionless shock is studied
by means of a one-dimensional electromagnetic full particle simulation. The
present simulation domain is taken in the shock rest frame in contrast to the
previous full particle simulations of shocks. Preliminary results show that the
downstream state falls into a unique cyclic reformation state for a given set
of upstream parameters through the self-consistent kinetic processes.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, published in "Earth, Planets and Space" (EPS),
the paper with full resolution images is
http://theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~ryo/papers/shock_rest.pd
Telling the tale of the first stars
HE 0107-5240 is a star in more than once sense of the word. Chemically, it is
the most primitive object yet discovered, and it is at the centre of debate
about the origins of the first elements in the Universe.Comment: 3 pages, 0 figures, published in Nature "News and Views," Apr. 24,
200
ULF/ELF emissions observed in Japan, possibly associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan
International audienceULF/ELF emission observation has been performed at Nakatsugawa observatory (geographic coordinates; 35.4° N, 137.5° E, Gifu prefecture) since January 1999. The equipment consists of three-orthogonal magnetic sensors (induction coils), amplifiers, A/D converters and the data logger with a computer. The frequency range of observation is from 0.001 Hz to 50 Hz. The serious changes in ELF magnetic field intensity were detected on 20 September 1999, in such a way that the ELF noise level is found to increase by more than 5 dB from the normal level for about 1.5 h during 21:30?23:00 Japanese Standard Time on 20 September and also the upper limit extends up to 50 Hz. A careful comparison with the nearby lightning as detected by VLF, enables us to confirm that this abnormal ELF noise level increase is not due to the nearby lightning. The phase difference of these ELF emissions (BX , BY) was measured, and indicates that these ELF emissions are linearly polarized, suggesting that they have propagated in the subionospheric waveguide over long distances. This polarization result enables us to perform goniometric direction finding and the result shows that the main direction of these ULF/ELF emissions is toward Taiwan. Hence, it is likely that such ULF/ELF emissions are associated with the Chi-Chi earth-quake in Taiwan at 02:27 Japanese Standard Time on 21 September 1999 (M = 7.6; depth 11 km)
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