Mechanical properties of crosslinked poly/methyl methacrylate/ polymers under space environmental conditions quarterly technical summary report no. 3, dec. 1, 1963 - may 31, 1964

Mechanical properties of crosslinked polymethyl methacryalate polymers under space environmental condition

Equation of Motion of Torsion Pendulum and Complex Modulus

[No abstract

The Effect of Pressure on the Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Stress relaxation measurements were made as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on two lightly filled elastomers (Hypalon 40 and Viton B), one highly filled elastomer (Neoprene WB), and on an EPDM rubber. The latter was not piezorheologioally simple. The lightly filled elastomers showed piezorheologically simple behavior, i.e. their response curves under different hydrostatic pressures could be superposed empirically by a simple horizontal shift along the logarithmic axis. The filled elastomer was piezorheologically simple only in the rubbery region and in the beginning of the transition region. The dependence of the empirical shift distances, log a_p , on P could not be described by either the Ferry-Stratton or the Bueche-O'Reilly equation. By considering the bulk modulus to be linearly related to pressure, a new equation has been developed for log a_(T,P) which describes the pressure dependence well and contains the WLF equation as a limiting case. Published data on the response of poly(vinyl chloride) under superposed hydrostatic pressure are shown to obey the new equation also. The theoretical importance of the new equation lies in the fact that combination of the usual isobaric measurements at atmospheric pressure as function of temperature with isothermal measurements as function of pressure allows, in principle, all the molecular parameters required by the free volume theory to be determined unambiguously

Direct conversion of rheological compliance measurements into storage and loss moduli

We remove the need for Laplace/inverse-Laplace transformations of experimental data, by presenting a direct and straightforward mathematical procedure for obtaining frequency-dependent storage and loss moduli ($G'(\omega)$ and $G"(\omega)$ respectively), from time-dependent experimental measurements. The procedure is applicable to ordinary rheological creep (stress-step) measurements, as well as all microrheological techniques, whether they access a Brownian mean-square displacement, or a forced compliance. Data can be substituted directly into our simple formula, thus eliminating traditional fitting and smoothing procedures that disguise relevant experimental noise.Comment: 4 page

Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked Poly/methyl Methacrylate/ Polymers Under Space Environmental Conditions Final Report, Jun. 1, 1963 - Jan. 30, 1966

Mechanical properties determined for cross linked polymethyl methacrylate under stress-relaxation test metho

Active Microrheology of Networks Composed of Semiflexible Polymers. II. Theory and comparison with simulations

Building on the results of our computer simulation (ArXiv cond-mat/0503573)we develop a theoretical description of the motion of a bead, embedded in a network of semiflexible polymers, and responding to an applied force. The theory reveals the existence of an osmotic restoring force, generated by the piling up of filaments in front of the moving bead and first deduced through computer simulations. The theory predicts that the bead displacement scales like x ~ t^alfa with time, with alfa=0.5 in an intermediate- and alfa=1 in a long-time regime. It also predicts that the compliance varies with concentration like c^(-4/3) in agreement with experiment.Comment: 18 pages and 2 figure

A new elastic potential function for rubbery materials

A new four-parameter elastic potential function is proposed which represents data on the elastic deformation of rubbery materials with the same parameters in various deformation fields up to break

An empirical investigation of the EOE gold options market

On April 2, 1981, the European Option Exchange introduced the first organized exchange trading of options on spot gold. We study this new market for three months at its inception and in a parallel period a year later via various tests of rational boundary conditions. Additionally, we use call-put parity to infer implied risk free rates (IRFR's). Deviations of the IRFR's from the prevailing risk free rate permit the possibility of arbitrage through positions known as forward and reverse conversions. Our tests are modified to allow for transaction costs to more fully address the question of market efficiency.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25742/1/0000302.pd

On inferring standard deviations from path dependent options

Path dependent option prices are employed to derive implied standard deviations of the underlying security price process without recourse to numerical procedures. We empirically illustrate our methodology by inferring the volatility of gold prices.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25893/1/0000456.pd

Steady shear flow thermodynamics based on a canonical distribution approach

A non-equilibrium steady state thermodynamics to describe shear flows is developed using a canonical distribution approach. We construct a canonical distribution for shear flow based on the energy in the moving frame using the Lagrangian formalism of the classical mechanics. From this distribution we derive the Evans-Hanley shear flow thermodynamics, which is characterized by the first law of thermodynamics $dE = T dS - Q d\gamma$ relating infinitesimal changes in energy $E$, entropy $S$ and shear rate $\gamma$ with kinetic temperature $T$. Our central result is that the coefficient $Q$ is given by Helfand's moment for viscosity. This approach leads to thermodynamic stability conditions for shear flow, one of which is equivalent to the positivity of the correlation function of $Q$. We emphasize the role of the external work required to sustain the steady shear flow in this approach, and show theoretically that the ensemble average of its power $\dot{W}$ must be non-negative. A non-equilibrium entropy, increasing in time, is introduced, so that the amount of heat based on this entropy is equal to the average of $\dot{W}$. Numerical results from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of two-dimensional many-particle systems with soft-core interactions are presented which support our interpretation.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure