Supersaturating silicon with transition metals by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting

We investigate the possibility of creating an intermediate band semiconductor by supersaturating Si with a range of transition metals (Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, W, and Zn) using ion implantation followed by pulsed laser melting (PLM). Structural characterization shows evidence of either surface segregation or cellular breakdown in all transition metals investigated, preventing the formation of high supersaturations. However, concentration-depth profiling reveals that regions of Si supersaturated with Au and Zn are formed below the regions of cellular breakdown. Fits to the concentration-depth profile are used to estimate the diffusive speeds, v [subscript D], of Au and Zn, and put lower bounds on v [subscript D] of the other metals ranging from 10[superscript 2] to 10[superscript 4] m/s. Knowledge of v [subscript D] is used to tailor the irradiation conditions and synthesize single-crystal Si supersaturated with 10[superscript 19] Au/cm[superscript 3] without cellular breakdown. Values of v [subscript D] are compared to those for other elements in Si. Two independent thermophysical properties, the solute diffusivity at the melting temperature, D [subscript s](T [subscript m]), and the equilibrium partition coefficient, k [subscript e], are shown to simultaneously affect v [subscript D]. We demonstrate a correlation between v [subscript D] and the ratio D [subscript s](T [subscript m])/k [subscript e] [superscript 0.67], which is exhibited for Group III, IV, and V solutes but not for the transition metals investigated. Nevertheless, comparison with experimental results suggests that D [subscript s](T [subscript m])/k [subscript e] [superscript 0.67] might serve as a metric for evaluating the potential to supersaturate Si with transition metals by PLM.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Faculty Early Career Development Program ECCS-1150878)Chesonis Family FoundationUnited States. Army Research Laboratory (United States. Army Research Office Grant W911NF-10-1-0442)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (United States. Dept. of Energy NSF CA EEC-1041895

Hirsutinolide Series Inhibit Stat3 Activity, Alter GCN1, MAP1B, Hsp105, G6PD, Vimentin, TrxR1, and Importin α‑2 Expression, and Induce Antitumor Effects against Human Glioma

We report that hirsutinolide series, <b>6</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>10</b>, <b>11</b>, <b>20</b>, and <b>22</b>, and the semisynthetic analogues, <b>30</b>, <b>31</b>, <b>33</b>, and <b>36</b>, inhibit constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)­3 and malignant glioma phenotype. A position 13 lipophilic ester group is required for activity. Molecular modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance structural analyses reveal direct hirsutinolide:Stat3 binding. One-hour treatment of cells with <b>6</b> and <b>22</b> also upregulated importin subunit α-2 levels and repressed translational activator GCN1, microtubule-associated protein (MAP)­1B, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)­1 cytoplasmic isoform 3, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform a, Hsp105, vimentin, and tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein (TNAP)­2 expression. Active hirsutinolides inhibited anchorage-dependent and three-dimensional spheroid growth, survival, and migration of human glioma lines and glioma patients’ tumor-derived xenograft cells harboring constitutively active Stat3. Oral gavage delivery of <b>6</b> or <b>22</b> inhibited human glioma tumor growth in subcutaneous mouse xenografts. The inhibition of Stat3 signaling represents part of the hirsutinolide-mediated mechanisms to induce antitumor effects

SIDCERインフォームドコンセント書式を用いた研究参加者の内容理解改善：8件の臨床試験を用いたインフォームドコンセントのランダム化比較試験

Purpose: This study aimed to test the applicability and effectiveness of the principles and informed consent form (ICF) template proposed by the Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER) across multiple clinical trials involving Thai research participants with various conditions. Methods: A single-center, randomized-controlled study nested with eight clinical trials was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. A total of 258 participants from any of the eight clinical trials were enrolled and randomly assigned to read either the SIDCER ICF (n = 130) or the conventional ICF (n = 128) of the respective trial. Their understanding of necessary information was assessed using the post-test questionnaire; they were allowed to consult a given ICF while completing the questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the proportion of the participants who had the post-test score of ?80%, and the secondary endpoint was the total score of the post-test. Results: The proportion of the participants in the SIDCER ICF group who achieved the primary endpoint was significantly higher than that of the conventional ICF group (60.8 vs. 41.4%, p = 0.002). The total score of the post-test was also significantly higher among the participants who read the SIDCER ICF than those who read the conventional ICF (83.3 vs. 76.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the SIDCER ICF was applicable and effective to improve Thai research participants’ understanding of research information in diverse clinical trials. Using the SIDCER ICF methodology, clinical researchers can improve the quality of ICFs for their trials.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第962号 学位授与年月日:平成29年3月21日Author: Nut Koonrungsesomboon, Thipaporn Tharavanij, Kittichet Phiphatpatthamaamphan, Ratha-korn Vilaichone, Sudsayam Manuwong, Parichat Curry, Sith Siramolpiwat, Thanachai Punchaipornpon, Supakit Kanitnate, Nattapol Tammachote, Rodsarin Yamprasert, Waipoj Chanvimalueng, Ruchirat Kaewkumpai, Soiphet Netanong, Peerapong Kitipawong, Paskorn Sritipsukho, Juntra KarbwangCitation: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 73(2), pp.141-149; 2017Nagasaki University (長崎大学)課程博