1,709 research outputs found
Rigid thinking about deformables: do children sometimes overgeneralize the shape bias?
Young children learning English are biased to attend to the shape of solid rigid objects when learning novel names. This study seeks further understanding of the processes that support this behavior by examining a previous finding that three-year-old children are also biased to generalize novel names for objects made from deformable materials by shape, even after the materials are made salient. In two experiments, we examined the noun generalizations of 72 two-, three- and four-year- old children with rigid and deformable stimuli. Data reveal that three-year-old, but not two- or four-year-old, children generalize names for deformable things by shape, and that this behavior is not due to the syntactic context of the task. We suggest this behavior is an overgeneralization of three-year-old children’s knowledge of how rigid things are named and discuss the implications of this finding for a developmental account of the origins of the shape bias
Orbiting Resonances and Bound States in Molecular Scattering
A family of orbiting resonances in molecular scattering is globally described
by using a single pole moving in the complex angular momentum plane. The
extrapolation of this pole at negative energies gives the location of the bound
states. Then a single pole trajectory, that connects a rotational band of bound
states and orbiting resonances, is obtained. These complex angular momentum
singularities are derived through a geometrical theory of the orbiting. The
downward crossing of the phase-shifts through pi/2, due to the repulsive region
of the molecular potential, is estimated by using a simple hard-core model.
Some remarks about the difference between diffracted rays and orbiting are also
given.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Report of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Hypertension Teaching Seminar organized by the ISH Africa Regional Advisory Group: Maputo, Mozambique, 2016
The International Society of Hypertension (ISH), in fulfilment of its mission of promoting hypertension control and prevention and also of advancing knowledge globally, organizes hypertension teaching seminars or ‘summer schools’ worldwide through the ISH Regional Advisory Groups. In Africa, seven of such seminars have been organized. This is a report of the eighth seminar held in Maputo, Mozambique, April, 2016. The seminar was attended by over 65 participants from 11 African countries. The Faculty consisted of 11 international hypertension experts. The eighth African hypertension seminar was a great success as confirmed by a pre- and post-test questionnaire
Dust Dynamics in Compressible MHD Turbulence
We calculate the relative grain-grain motions arising from interstellar
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The MHD turbulence includes both fluid
motions and magnetic fluctuations. While the fluid motions accelerate grains
through hydro-drag, the electromagnetic fluctuations accelerate grains through
resonant interactions. We consider both incompressive (Alfv\'{e}n) and
compressive (fast and slow) MHD modes and use descriptions of MHD turbulence
obtained in Cho & Lazarian (2002). Calculations of grain relative motion are
made for realistic grain charging and interstellar turbulence that is
consistent with the velocity dispersions observed in diffuse gas, including
cutoff of the turbulence from various damping processes. We show that fast
modes dominate grain acceleration, and can drive grains to supersonic
velocities. Grains are also scattered by gyroresonance interactions, but the
scattering is less important than acceleration for grains moving with
sub-Alfv\'{e}nic velocities. Since the grains are preferentially accelerated
with large pitch angles, the supersonic grains will be aligned with long axes
perpendicular to the magnetic field. We compare grain velocities arising from
MHD turbulence with those arising from photoelectric emission, radiation
pressure and H thrust. We show that for typical interstellar conditions
turbulence should prevent these mechanisms from segregating small and large
grains. Finally, gyroresonant acceleration is bound to preaccelerate grains
that are further accelerated in shocks. Grain-grain collisions in the shock may
then contribute to the overabundance of refractory elements in the composition
of galactic cosmic rays.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figure
T2Candida assay: diagnostic performance and impact on antifungal prescribing
Objectives: To assess the performance of T2Candida for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) against gold standards of candidaemia or consensus IC definitions, and to evaluate the impact of T2Candida on antifungal drug prescribing. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all T2Candida (T2MR technology, T2 Biosystems) performed from October 2020 to February 2022. T2Candida performance was evaluated against confirmed candidaemia or against proven/probable IC within 48 hours of T2Candida, and its impact on antifungal drug prescriptions. Results: T2Candida was performed in 61 patients, with 6 (9.8%) positive results. Diagnostic performance of T2Candida against candidaemia had a specificity of 85.7% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.8%. When comparing T2Candida results with consensus definitions of IC, the specificity and NPV of T2Candida was respectively 90% (54/60) and 98.2% (54/55) for proven IC, and 91.4% (53/58) and 96.4% (53/55) for proven/probable IC. Antifungals were initiated in three of six patients (50%) with a positive T2Candida result. Thirty-three patients were receiving empirical antifungals at the time of T2Candida testing, and a negative result prompted cessation of antifungals in 11 (33%) patients, compared with 6 (25%) antifungal prescriptions stopped following negative beta-D-glucan (BDG) testing in a control population (n = 24). Conclusions: T2Candida shows high specificity and NPV compared with evidence of Candida bloodstream infection or consensus definitions for invasive Candida infection, and may play an adjunctive role as a stewardship tool to limit unnecessary antifungal prescriptions
Characteristic emotional intelligence and emotional well-being
Both theory and previous research suggest a link between emotional intelligence and emotional well-being. Emotional intelligence includes the ability to understand and regulate emotions; emotional well-being includes positive mood and high self-esteem. Two studies investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and mood, and between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. The results of these studies indicated that higher emotional intelligence was associated with characteristically positive mood and higher self-esteem. The results of a third study indicated that higher emotional intelligence was associated with a higher positive mood state and greater state self-esteem. The third study also investigated the role of emotional intelligence in mood and self-esteem regulation and found that individuals with higher emotional intelligence showed less of a decrease in positive mood and self-esteem after a negative state induction using the Velten method, and showed more of an increase in positive mood, but not in self-esteem, after a positive state induction. The findings were discussed in the light of previous work on emotional intelligence, and recommendations were made for further study
Spitzer-IRS Observations of FU Orionis Objects
We present 5-35 m spectra, taken with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on
the Spitzer Space Telescope, of five FU Orionis objects: FU Ori, V1515 Cyg,
V1057 Cyg, BBW 76, and V346 Nor. All but V346 Nor reveal amorphous silicate
grains in emission at 10 m and 20 m, and show water-vapor absorption
bands at 5.8 and 6.8 m and SiO or possibly methane absorption at 8 m.
These absorption features closely match these bands in model stellar
photospheres -- signs of the gaseous photospheres of the inner regions of these
objects' accretion disks. The continuum emission at 5-8 m is also
consistent with such disks, and, for FU Orionis and BBW 76, longer-wavelength
emission may be fit by a model which includes moderate disk flaring. V1057 Cyg
and V1515 Cyg have much more emission at longer wavelengths than the others,
perhaps evidence of substantial remnant of their natal, infalling envelopes.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Ap
Gluon Condensates, Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pion Wave Function
We consider here chiral symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics arising
from gluon condensates in vacuum. Through coherent states of gluons simulating
a mean field type of approximation, we show that the off-shell gluon
condensates of vacuum generate a mass-like contribution for the quarks, giving
rise to chiral symmetry breaking. We next note that spontaneous breaking of
global chiral symmetry links the four component quark field operator to the
pion wave function. This in turn yields many hadronic properties in the light
quark sector in agreement with experiments, leading to the conclusion that low
energy hadron properties are primarily driven by the vacuum structure of
quantum chromodynamics.Comment: 25 pages, IP/BBSR/92-76, revte
Spatially Resolved Chemistry in Nearby Galaxies I. The Center of IC 342
We have imaged emission from the millimeter lines of eight molecules--C2H,
C34S, N2H+, CH3OH, HNCO, HNC, HC3N, and SO--in the central half kpc of the
nearby spiral galaxy IC 342. The 5" (~50 pc) resolution images were made with
OVRO. Using these maps we obtain a picture of the chemistry within the nuclear
region on the sizescales of individual GMCs. Bright emission is detected from
all but SO. There are marked differences in morphology for the different
molecules. A principal component analysis is performed to quantify similarities
and differences among the images. This analysis reveals that while all
molecules are to zeroth order correlated, that is, they are all found in dense
molecular clouds, there are three distinct groups of molecules distinguished by
the location of their emission within the nuclear region. N2H+, C18O, HNC and
HCN are widespread and bright, good overall tracers of dense molecular gas. C2H
and C34S, tracers of PDR chemistry, originate exclusively from the central
50-100 pc region, where radiation fields are high. The third group of
molecules, CH3OH and HNCO, correlates well with the expected locations of
bar-induced orbital shocks. The good correlation of HNCO with the established
shock tracer molecule CH3OH is evidence that this molecule, whose chemistry has
been uncertain, is indeed produced by processing of grains. HC3N is observed to
correlate tightly with 3mm continuum emission, demonstrating that the young
starbursts are the sites of the warmest and densest molecular gas. We compare
our HNC images with the HCN images of Downes et al. (1992) to produce the first
high resolution, extragalactic HCN/HNC map: the HNC/HCN ratio is near unity
across the nucleus and the correlation of both of these gas tracers with the
star formation is excellent. (Abridged).Comment: 54 pages including 10 figures and 8 tables. Accepted for publication
in Ap
Effects of Low-dose Triple Combination Therapy on Time at Target Blood Pressure – Results From the TRIUMPH Randomized Controlled Trial
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