In vitro screening of different Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates to study lytic enzyme production and growth inhibition during antagonism of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, wilt causing pathogen of cumin

peer-reviewedLand plants exist in close association with bacterial and fungal microbes, where some associations can be pathogenic and others can be mutualistic/beneficial. One such relation exists between host plant, Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of cumin wilt and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), where Pf acts as a bio-agent for inhibiting Foc and promoting plant growth of cumin. In this study, antagonism by 10 different Pf isolates against Foc was studied under laboratory conditions through percent growth inhibition and biochemical mechanisms. Among these Pf isolates, Pf-5 exhibited the highest in vitro growth inhibition (82.51%). A positive correlation was observed between percent growth inhibition and specific activities of hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase, and protease, where a negative correlation was observed with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulase and polygalacturonase. To conclude, isolate Pf-5 could be a potential biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt disease of cumin

3-(7,8,13,14-Tetra­hydrodi­benzo­[a,i]phen­an­thridin-5-yl)benzene-1,2-diol

In the title compound, C27H21NO2, the half-chair conformation of the alicyclic rings gives rise to a slightly folded structure of the central tricyclic tetra­hydrophenanthridine unit. Tandem intra­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds give rise to adjacent S(6) and S(5) rings, respectively, which dictate the conformation of the 5-aryl substituent. In the crystal structure, an inter­molecular C—H⋯O contact generates chains parallel to [101]. Short O—H⋯π and C—H⋯π contacts are also observed

(3E,5E)-1-Benzyl-3,5-bis­(2-fluoro­benzyl­idene)piperidin-4-one

The inversion-related mol­ecules of the title compound, C26H21F2NO, associate into closed dimeric subunits via co-operative C—H⋯π inter­actions. Two non-classical C—H⋯O and one C—H⋯N intra­molecular hydrogen bonds are also found in the crystal structure. The piperidin-4-one ring adopts a sofa conforamtion with the 1-benzyl group in the equatorial position, and the equiplanar fluoro­phenyl substituents in the 3- and 5-positions stretched out on either side. The 1-benzyl group is disposed towards the substituent in the 6th position of the piperidin-4-one ring. The 3,5-diene units possess E configurations

(3E,5E)-3,5-Bis(4-allyl­oxybenzyl­idene)-1-benzyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound C32H31NO3, the all­yloxy groups on either side of the piperidin-4-one ring are conformationally disordered. The contribution of major and minor components of the allyloxy group at the 3rd position of the ring are 0.576 (4) and 0.424 (4), respectively, and those at the 5th position are 0.885 (3) and 0.115 (3), respectively. The six-membered piperidin-4-one ring adopts a sofa conformation with the benzyl group occupying an equatorial position and the olefinic double bonds possessing an E configuration. Flanking phenyl substituents are stretched out on either side of the six-membered ring. π–π inter­actions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.885 (1) Å give rise to mol­ecular dimers and short C—H⋯π contacts lead to chains along the c axis

(7E)-5-Benzyl-7-(2-chloro­benzyl­idene)-3-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-2-phenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexa­hydro-2H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c]pyridine

In the title 2H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c]pyridine derivative, C32H27Cl2N3, the dihydro­pyrazole ring adopts an envelope conformation and the piperidine fused ring a twisted-chair conformation. Two short intra­molecular C—H⋯Cl contacts are observed. The crystal packing is characterized by dimeric C—Cl⋯π inter­actions involving the 5-benzyl ring, with Cl⋯centroid and closest atomic Cl⋯π distances of 3.778 (2) and 3.366 (4) Å, respectively

Purification and characterisation of immunoglobulins from the serum of a catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Attempts have been made to characterize and purify immunoglobulins from the serum of Clarias gariepinus, which has been immunized with bovine serum albumen. Initially, the proteins in the serum were chromatographed successively by affinity chromatography column. The affinity-purified fraction was concentrated and checked in SDS-PAGE, two bands of heavy chain and two bands of light chain were observed. Since teleost immunoglobulins have been shown to belong to a single class, the extra bands in light and heavy chains in the present study might be the breakdown of immunoglobulin or some unpurified contaminants. The affinity-purified fraction was also subjected to gel filtration chromatography column

Indury and health hazards related to manual material handling tasks

Not AvailableFor more than a decade, farming has been rated one of the most dangerous occupations in the developing countries. A considerable number of adverse health conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders, are linked to agricultural work. The present study was conducted in villages of Mawali tehsil of Udaipur. For the present study a sample of 100 agricultural workers (50 male and 50 female) engaged in agricultural tasks from last 10 years were selected for collecting data on injury and health hazards related to manual material handling tasks. The agricultural workers repeatedly perform lifting, pulling, twisting and bending motions that exert force on the musculoskeletal system of the body and thereby leading to fatigue and pain

Fifteen 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-ium salts containing organic anions : supramolecular assembly in zero, one, two and three dimensions

HSY thanks the University Grants Commission, New Delhi for the award of a BSR Faculty Fellowship for three years.Fifteen 4-(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazin-1-ium salts containing organic anions have been prepared and structurally characterized. In the isostructural 4-chloro­benzoate and 4-bromo­benzoate salts, C11H17N2O+·C7H4ClO2− (I) and C11H17N2O+·C7H4BrO2− (II), and the 4-iodo­benzoate salt C11H17N2O+·C7H4IO2− (III), the ions are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric R44(12) four-ion aggregates; a similar aggregate is formed in the 2-chloro­benzoate salt (V), isomeric with (I). In the 2-fluoro­benzoate salt C11H17N2O+·C7H4FO2− (IV), and the isomorphous pair of salts, the 2-bromo­benzoate (VI), isomeric with (II) and 2-iodo­benzoate (VII), isomeric with (III), N—H⋯O and C—H⋯π(arene) interactions link the components into three-dimensional arrays. Four-ion R44(12) aggregates are also found in the 2-methyl­benzoate, 4-amino­benzoate and 4-nitro­benzoate salts, C11H17N2O+·C8H7O2− (VIII), C11H17N2O+·C7H6NO2− (IX) and C11H17N2O+·C7H4NO4− (X), but those in (IX) are linked into complex sheets by an additional N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate salt, C11H17N2O+·C7H3N2O6−·2H2O (XI), N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a complex ribbon structure. In the picrate salt, C11H17N2O+·C6H2N3O7− (XII), the four-ion aggregates are linked into chains of rings by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the hydrogen maleate salt, C11H17N2O+·C4H3O4− (XIII), two- and three-centre hydrogen bonds link the ions into a ribbon structure while both anions contain very short but asymmetric O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, having O⋯O distances of 2.4447 (16) and 2.4707 (17) Å. O—H⋯O Hydrogen bonds link the anions in the hydrogen fumarate salt (XIV), isomeric with (XIII), into chains that are linked into sheets via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate salt, C11H17N2O+·C4H5O6−·1.698H2O (XV), the anions are linked into sheets by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

(3E,5E)-1-Benzyl-3,5-dibenzyl­idenepiperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C26H23NO, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate a ribbon structure along the a axis. These ribbons further assemble into a one-dimensional sheet parallel to the ac plane via C—H⋯π inter­actions. The piperidin-4-one ring adopts a sofa conformation with the 1-benzyl group in the equatorial position, and the 3- and 5-phenyl substituents stretched out on either side. The benzyl­idene units adopt E configurations and the 1-benzyl group is disposed towards the 3- substituent of the piperidin-4-one ring