Agrobiological evaluation of Allium ampeloprasum L. variety samples in comparison with Allium sativum L. cultivars

ArticleThe purpose of investigation is to study the biological and morphological features, to establish the economic and valuable characteristics of the introduced and local forms of Allium ampeloprasum L. in comparison with Allium sativum L. and to study the effect of removal of the scape in the yield. The studies used field, statistical, settlement and analytical methods. The weight of the bulb without removing the inflorescence shoot of the cultivar Sofiivskyi was 28.4– 53.3 g smaller than the variety samples No. 2 and No. 3 respectively. With removing the scape the difference increased by 60.5–68.6 g. The yield of No. 2 variety sample Allium ampeloprasum L. without removing the scape was lower than the standard by 1.7 t ha-1 while the variety sample No. 3 exceeded the standard by 1.1 t ha-1 . With the removal of inflorescence shoot the yields of variety samples No. 2 and No. 3 exceeded the cultivar Sofiivskyi by 1.6 and 2.2 t ha-1 . It has been established according to the researches that introduced forms of Allium ampeloprasum L. have high indicators of economic and valuable characteristics, but they are limited in the first years of cultivation, by the period of adaptation to the new soil and climatic conditions

BTZ Black Hole as Solution of 3d Higher Spin Gauge Theory

BTZ black hole is interpreted as exact solution of 3d higher spin gauge theory. Solutions for free massless fields in BTZ black hole background are constructed with the help of the star-product algebra formalism underlying the formulation of 3d higher spin theory. It is shown that a part of higher spin symmetries remains unbroken for special values of the BTZ parameters.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX; references correcte

Changes in the structure and dominance of the zooplankton community of the Kremenchuk Reservoir under the effect of climate changes

Zooplankton plays an important role in aquatic food webs and changes in its abundance and diversity under changing climatic conditions can significantly affect the abundance and diversity of other aquatic organisms. The aim of the study was to assess quantitative and qualitative parameters of zooplankton development, dynamics of development of its dominant groups and the effect of water temperature. Species composition and abundance of zooplankton of the Kremenchuk Reservoir were studied in 2006, 2010–2012 and 2020 in relation to water temperature and pollution. Zooplankton species diversity fluctuated significantly over the years of the study. A total of 46 taxa were recorded in the reservoir during the study period. The number of recorded zooplankton taxa ranged 26 to 32 depending on the year. The most abundant zooplankters were Chydorus sphaericus, Copepoda nauplii, Brachionus diversicornis. The abundance of zooplankters in the reservoir during the study period ranged 23·103 to 256·103 ind./m3, and biomass 0.14 to 0.89 g/m3. A significant positive relationship was observed between the abundance of cladocerans, including some individual species (Ch. sphaericus and Ceriodaphnia sp.), and water temperature. Indicator species of water pollution in different years and in different parts of the Kremenchuk Reservoir differed significantly, which probably depended on the presence or absence (in a certain period of time) of polluting discharges. The total saprobity index in different years in different parts of the reservoir was in the range of 1.5–1.9. Structural indicators of zooplankton and its dominant complexes characterize the water in the Kremenchuk Reservoir as β-mesosaprobic. It is probably too early to assess the impact of climate change zooplankton as these changes are still unstable and short in time, but it is necessary to constantly monitor the biota of aquatic ecosystems to further study and summarize the data, which could later allow an identification of such changes

Ion Dynamics in Single and Multi-Cation Perovskite

In organic-inorganic perovskites currently widely used to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells the electrical properties are to a large extent determined by the presence of mobile ions. These mobile ions are commonly held responsible for many undesirable features of perovskite solar cells, such as hysteretic behavior of electrical properties and degradation of parameters during operation. Hence, developing methods to study the properties of mobile ions and distinguish their contribution to electrical properties from the usual effects due to electronic states are essential for gaining control over the type and density of mobile ions. In this paper we show that comparison of deep levels transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements performed in the normal and reverse biasing/pulsing sequences provides a useful means of discriminating between the contributions of electronic traps usual for all semiconductors and the mobile ions very important in perovskites. To simplify things these experiments were performed on Schottky diodes rather than heterojunctions with organic-inorganic electron transport and hole transport layers. The results of experiments are presented and compared for single cation MAPbI(3)and multication perovskites. In both cases the main features observed in DLTS could be attributed to mobile ions

The Higher Spin/Vector Model Duality

This paper is mainly a review of the dualities between Vasiliev's higher spin gauge theories in AdS4 and three dimensional large N vector models, with focus on the holographic calculation of correlation functions of higher spin currents. We also present some new results in the computation of parity odd structures in the three point functions in parity violating Vasiliev theories.Comment: 55 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to J. Phys. A special volume on "Higher Spin Theories and AdS/CFT" edited by M. R. Gaberdiel and M. Vasiliev. v2: references adde

Indicators of immunity during transmembrane dialysis

All patients with common peritonitis were divided into two groups: оbserver group - 58 patients with common peritonitis, who received intra-abdominal sorption-transmembrane dialysis in the postoperative period

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Effect of the Electron Velocity Distribution on Chaotic Oscillations in an Electron Beam under Virtual Cathode Formation Conditions

The effect of the electron transverse and longitudinal velocity spread at the entrance to the interaction space on wide-band chaotic oscillations in intense multiple-velocity beams is studied theoretically and numerically under the conditions of formation of a virtual cathode. It is found that an increase in the electron velocity spread causes chaotization of virtual cathode oscillations. An insight into physical processes taking place in a virtual cathode multiple velocity beam is gained by numerical simulation. The chaotization of the oscillations is shown to be associated with additional electron structures, which were separated out by constructing charged particle distribution functions.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

An action principle for Vasiliev's four-dimensional higher-spin gravity

We provide Vasiliev's fully nonlinear equations of motion for bosonic gauge fields in four spacetime dimensions with an action principle. We first extend Vasiliev's original system with differential forms in degrees higher than one. We then derive the resulting duality-extended equations of motion from a variational principle based on a generalized Hamiltonian sigma-model action. The generalized Hamiltonian contains two types of interaction freedoms: One set of functions that appears in the Q-structure of the generalized curvatures of the odd forms in the duality-extended system; and another set depending on the Lagrange multipliers, encoding a generalized Poisson structure, i.e. a set of polyvector fields of ranks two or higher in target space. We find that at least one of the two sets of interaction-freedom functions must be linear in order to ensure gauge invariance. We discuss consistent truncations to the minimal Type A and B models (with only even spins), spectral flows on-shell and provide boundary conditions on fields and gauge parameters that are compatible with the variational principle and that make the duality-extended system equivalent, on shell, to Vasiliev's original system.Comment: 37 pages. References added, corrected typo

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ САМОПОДОБИЯ СЕЙСМИЧНОСТИ И РАЗЛОМНОЙ СЕТИ СИХОТЭ‐АЛИНЬСКОГО ОРОГЕННОГО ПОЯСА И ПРИЛЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

We performed a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of self‐similarity of seismicity and the fault network within the Sikhote Alin orogenic belt and the adjacent areas. It has been established that the main features of seismicity are controlled by the crustal earthquakes. Differentiation of the study area according to the density of earthquake epicenters and the fractal dimension of the epicentral field of earthquakes (De) shows that the most active crustal areas are linked to the Kharpi‐Kur‐Priamurye zone, the northern Bureya massif and the Mongol‐Okhotsk folded system. The analysis of the earthquake recurrence plot slope values reveals that the highest b‐values correlate with the areas of the highest seismic activity of the northern part of the Bureya massif and, to a less extent, of the Mongol‐Okhotsk folded system. The increased fractal dimension values for the fault network (Df) correlate with the folded systems (Sikhote Alin and Mongol‐Okhotsk), while the decreased values conform to the depressions and troughs (Middle Amur, Uda and Torom). A comparison of the fractal analysis results for the fault network with the recent stress‐strain data gives evidence of their general confineness to the contemporary areas of intense compression. The correspondence between the field of the parameter b‐value for the upper crustal earthquakes and the fractal dimension value for the fault network (Df) suggests a general consistency between the self‐similar earthquake magnitude (energy) distribution and the fractal distribution of the fault sizes. The analysis results demonstrate that the selfsimilarity parameters provide an important quantitative characteristic in seismotectonics and can be used for the neotectonic and geodynamic analyses.Проведен комплексный анализ характеристик самоподобия сейсмичности и сети разломов в пределах Сихотэ‐Алиньского орогенного пояса и прилегающих территорий. Установлено, что основные осо‐ бенности сейсмичности определяются коровыми землетрясениями. Дифференциация исследуемой территории по плотности эпицентров и величине фрактальной размерности поля эпицентров (De) показывает, что наиболее активные участки земной коры связаны с Харпийско‐Курско‐Приамурской зоной, с северной частью Буреинского массива и Монголо‐Охотской складчатой системой. Анализ значений наклона графика повторяемости землетрясений (b) показывает, что наибольшие его величины соответствует районам наибольшей сейсмической активности: северной части Буреинского массива и, в меньшей степени, – Монголо‐Охотской системе. Повышенные значения фрактальной размерности разломной сети (Df) соответствуют складчатым системам (Сихотэ‐Алиньской и Монголо‐Охотской), а пониженные – впадинам и прогибам (Среднеамурская, Удский и Торомский). Сопоставление результатов фрактального анализа сети разломов с данными по современному напряженно‐деформированному состоянию показывает их общую приуроченность к областям интенсивного современного сжатия. Соответствие поля параметра b для верхнекоровых землетрясений и поля размерности сети разломов Df указывает на общую согласованность самоподобного распределения магнитуды (энергии) землетрясений и фрактального распределения размеров разрывных нарушений. Полученные результаты показывают, что параметры самоподобия являются важной количественной характеристикой в сейсмотектонике и могут использоваться при неотектоническом и геодинамическом анализе