African swine fever in the Primorsky Krai: disease situation and molecular and biological properties of the isolate recovered from a wild boar long bone

It is necessary to continue the analysis of the situation and molecular and biological properties of the current African swine fever virus isolates, recovered in the Russian border territories to cover the following tasks: eradication of African swine fever; development of effective disease surveillance and control programs; search for promising genome markers for the vaccine development; implementation of the differentiation strategy between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals; and clustering of the isolates. The post-hoc analysis of some ASF epidemiological data and comparative genetic analysis of isolates circulating in the Far East Federal District suggested the agent introduction and spread routes, as well as the seasonality of the infection occurrence in the Primorsky Krai. It was established, that two ASFV subgenotypes (IGR-I и IGR-II), differentiated by intergenic region I73R/I329L, circulated in the region under study during the first months post infection. Analysis of biological properties of ASFV/Primorsky 19/WB-6723 isolate recovered from the long bone of a dead wild boar in the Primorsky Krai suggested that the isolate is highly virulent, able to cause peracute to subacute disease and up to 100% mortality among infected animals. The incubation period and duration of the disease course in experimentally infected pigs were 4–6 and 3–5 days post infection, respectively. The ASFV genome was detected in blood samples collected from infected pigs on 5–8 days post infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Specific antibodies in blood samples were not detected. The need in further research of molecular and biological properties of current ASFV isolates was reaffirmed. To prevent the continuation of the epizooty and deterioration of the current situation the approaches to the disease surveillance and control need to be modified

Leray and LANS-α\alpha modeling of turbulent mixing

Mathematical regularisation of the nonlinear terms in the Navier-Stokes equations provides a systematic approach to deriving subgrid closures for numerical simulations of turbulent flow. By construction, these subgrid closures imply existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the corresponding modelled system of equations. We will consider the large eddy interpretation of two such mathematical regularisation principles, i.e., Leray and LANS$-\alpha$ regularisation. The Leray principle introduces a {\bfi smoothed transport velocity} as part of the regularised convective nonlinearity. The LANS$-\alpha$ principle extends the Leray formulation in a natural way in which a {\bfi filtered Kelvin circulation theorem}, incorporating the smoothed transport velocity, is explicitly satisfied. These regularisation principles give rise to implied subgrid closures which will be applied in large eddy simulation of turbulent mixing. Comparison with filtered direct numerical simulation data, and with predictions obtained from popular dynamic eddy-viscosity modelling, shows that these mathematical regularisation models are considerably more accurate, at a lower computational cost.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figure

Тромботическая окклюзия у пациентов с острым ишемическим инсультом

Currently, reperfusion therapy is the main method of treating patients with ischemic stroke (IS). The safety and efficacy of systemic thrombolytic therapy with a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with IS within 3 hours, and then 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms of the disease was demonstrated in the NINDS (1995) and ECASS III (2008) studies. In 2018, based on the results of five studies, clear indications were formulated for performing thrombectomy (TE) in patients with IS, which involve the detection of thrombosis of a large stroke-associated artery. Given the continuous growth in the number of the adult population, which constitutes the bulk of patients with IS, information on the prevalence of patients with thrombotic occlusion of cerebral arteries, who are potential candidates for TE, may be important for regional vascular centers.Aim of study. To describe IS patients admitted within the 6-hour “therapeutic window”.Materials and methods. The study included 145 patients with cerebral IS who were admitted within the first 6 hours after the onset of symptoms of the disease. All patients underwent computed tomographic (CT) angiography in order to verify the occlusion of the cerebral artery.Results. In our study, a correlation was established between the NIHSS severity of IS and the likelihood of verification of stroke-related artery thrombosis by CT angiography, but in 32.6% of patients with severe stroke (NIHSS at least score 14), no thrombotic occlusion was detected, and in 13% of patients with a clinic of mild acute cerebrovascular accident (NIHSS no more than 6), on the contrary, thrombotic occlusion was detected. Mortality in patients with verified thrombotic occlusion of the cerebral artery was higher than in patients without it (38% versus 10.5%, p<0.001). Such a significant difference in the mortality rate was due to the initially more severe stroke (NIHSS at admission 17 [10; 23] versus 5 [2; 10], p><0.001) in patients with thrombotic occlusion of a stroke-related artery, as well as a higher incidence of severe swallowing disorders (30% versus 9.5%, p ><0.002), which are a risk factor for pneumonia, as well as a higher frequency of such a comorbid background as chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation (30% versus 13.7%, p=0.018% and 58% versus 29.5%, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION 1. Thrombosis of the cerebral stroke-associated artery was detected in 34.5% of patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted within the first 6 hours from the onset of the disease. 2. The main reason for the failure to perform thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke admitted within the 6-hour therapeutic window is the lack of verification of stroke-related artery thrombosis using computed tomographic angiography. Due to thrombosis at a different location (other than thrombosis of the internal carotid artery and / or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery), 10% of patients with verified thrombosis did not meet the currently existing selection criteria for thrombectomy. Keywords: ischemic stroke, reperfusion therapy, cerebral artery thrombosis, cryptogenic stroke>˂0.001). Such a significant difference in the mortality rate was due to the initially more severe stroke (NIHSS at admission 17 [10; 23] versus 5 [2; 10], p˂0.001) in patients with thrombotic occlusion of a stroke-related artery, as well as a higher incidence of severe swallowing disorders (30% versus 9.5%, p˂0.002), which are a risk factor for pneumonia, as well as a higher frequency of such a comorbid background as chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation (30% versus 13.7%, p=0.018% and 58% versus 29.5%, p=0.001, respectively).Conclusion. 1. Thrombosis of the cerebral stroke-associated artery was detected in 34.5% of patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted within the first 6 hours from the onset of the disease. 2. The main reason for the failure to perform thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke admitted within the 6-hour therapeutic window is the lack of verification of stroke-related artery thrombosis using computed tomographic angiography. Due to thrombosis at a different location (other than thrombosis of the internal carotid artery and / or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery), 10% of patients with verified thrombosis did not meet the currently existing selection criteria for thrombectomy. В настоящее время реперфузионная терапия является основным методом лечения пациентов с ишемическим инсультом (ИИ). Безопасность и эффективность системной тромболитической терапии при помощи рекомбинантного тканевого активатора плазминогена у пациентов с ИИ в пределах 3 часов, а в последующем 4,5 часа от начала симптомов заболевания была продемонстрирована в исследованиях NINDS (1995) и ECASS III (2008). В 2018 году, основываясь на результатах пяти исследований, были сформулированы четкие показания для выполнения тромбэктомии (ТЭ) у пациентов с ИИ, которые подразумевают выявление тромбоза крупной инсульт-связанной артерии. В условиях непрерывного роста числа взрослого населения, составляющего основную массу пациентов с ИИ, информация о распространенности больных с тромботической окклюзией церебральных артерий, являющихся потенциальными претендентами для выполнения ТЭ, может быть важной для региональных сосудистых центров.Цель исследования. Охарактеризовать пациентов с ИИ, поступающих в 6-часовом «терапевтическом окне».Материал и методы. В исследование включены 145 пациентов с церебральным ИИ, поступивших в первые 6 часов от начала развития симптомов заболевания. Всем пациентам с целью верификации окклюзии церебральной артерии выполняли компьютерную томографическую (КТ) ангиографию.Результаты. В нашем исследовании была установлена корреляция между тяжестью ИИ по шкале NIHSS и вероятностью верификации при помощи КТ-ангиографии тромбоза инсульт-связанной артерии, но у 32,6% пациентов с клиникой тяжелого инсульта (NIHSS не менее 14 баллов) не было выявлено тромботической окклюзии, а у 13% пациентов с клиникой легко протекающего острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения (NIHSS не более 6 баллов), напротив, тромботическая окклюзия была выявлена. Летальность у пациентов с верифицированной тромботической окклюзией церебральной артерии была статистически значимо выше, чем у пациентов без таковой (38% против 10,5%, р<0,001). Столь значительная разница между показателями летальности была обусловлена исходно более тяжелым инсультом (оценка по NIHSS при поступлении 17 [10; 23] против 5 [2; 10], p><0,001, статистически значимо) у больных с тромботической окклюзией инсульт-связанной артерии, а также большей частотой статистически значимых грубых расстройств глотания (30% против 9,5%, p><0,002, статистически значимо), являющихся фактором риска развития пневмонии и такого коморбидного фона, как хроническая болезнь почек и фибрилляция предсердий (30% против 13,7%, р=0,018 и 58% против 29,5%, р=0,001 соответственно). Выводы 1. Тромбоз церебральной инсульт-связанной артерии выявлен у 34,5% пациентов с ишемическим инсультом, поступающих в первые 6 часов от начала заболевания. 2. Основной причиной невыполнения тромбэктомии у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом, поступивших в 6-часовом «терапевтическом окне», является отсутствие верификации тромбоза инсульт-связанной артерии при помощи компьютерной томографической ангиографии. По причине тромбоза другой локализации (отличной от тромбоза внутренней сонной артерии и/или М1 сегмента средней мозговой артерии) 10% пациентов с верифицированным тромбозом не соответствовали существующим в настоящее время критериям отбора для выполнения тромбэктомии. Ключевые слова: ишемический инсульт, реперфузионная терапия, тромбоз мозговой артерии, криптогенный инсульт>˂ 0,001). Столь значительная разница между показателями летальности была обусловлена исходно более тяжелым инсультом (оценка по NIHSS при поступлении 17 [10; 23] против 5 [2; 10], p˂ 0,001, статистически значимо) у больных с тромботической окклюзией инсульт-связанной артерии, а также большей частотой статистически значимых грубых расстройств глотания (30% против 9,5%, p˂ 0,002, статистически значимо), являющихся фактором риска развития пневмонии и такого коморбидного фона, как хроническая болезнь почек и фибрилляция предсердий (30% против 13,7%, р=0,018 и 58% против 29,5%, р=0,001 соответственно).Выводы. 1. Тромбоз церебральной инсульт-связанной артерии выявлен у 34,5% пациентов с ишемическим инсультом, поступающих в первые 6 часов от начала заболевания. 2. Основной причиной невыполнения тромбэктомии у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом, поступивших в 6-часовом «терапевтическом окне», является отсутствие верификации тромбоза инсульт-связанной артерии при помощи компьютерной томографической ангиографии. По причине тромбоза другой локализации (отличной от тромбоза внутренней сонной артерии и/или М1 сегмента средней мозговой артерии) 10% пациентов с верифицированным тромбозом не соответствовали существующим в настоящее время критериям отбора для выполнения тромбэктомии.

RESEARCH DIFFERENT FUEL REAGENTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURED POWDERS ZrO2-Y2O3

In this work a study of obtaining nanostructured powders with various fuel reagents is described

IGNITION CONDITIONS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SOLID CARBON EVACUATION PROCESS FROM POWDER COMPOSITIONS “MICRO(ZrO2−Y2O3)−NANO(ZrO2−Y2O3)”

Ignition conditions sensitivity analysis of solid carbon evacuation process from powder compositions was studied. The experiments were held at 700, 800 and 900 оС. Holding time was in between 30 sec-60 min. Temperature factor has more sense, than time factor

THE STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF PARTICLES OF MICRON POWDERS ZrO2 -7 WT.% Y2O3 WITH DIFFERENT BULK DENSITY

The morphology of the powder particles was studied. Their regular spherical shape was determined and the effect of the specific surface and pore diameter on the bulk density was established

CERTIFICATION OF MICRON POWDERS ZrO2 -7 WT.% 2 3 Y O OF DIFFERENT BULK DENSITY

Properties of spheroidized 2 2 3 ZrO 7%Y O powders with different bulk density values have been determined. The dependence of bulk density with the granulometric composition and flowability of powders is established

OVERVIEW OF THE EPIDEMIC SITUATION ON CERTAIN INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2018

The paper presents the results of analysis of epidemic situation on infectious animal diseases subject to compulsory OIE notification: FMD, African swine fever, classical swine fever, lumpy skin disease, sheep and goat pox, and highly pathogenic avian influenza. The paper presents data on the specified diseases situation in the Russian Federation, broken down by Subjects, and also provides a comparative description of the data for 2017 and 2018. Besides, attention is focused on some features of the epidemic process, depending on the season. For a long time the Russian Federation has been infected with several highly dangerous animal diseases, such as African and classical swine fever, FMD, lumpy skin disease, sheep and goat pox, and highly dangerous avian influenza. The specified above infections cause great damage to animal husbandry in the country which has a negative impact on its export potential. Analysis of the ASF epidemic situation demonstrates that the Russian Federation has been permanently infected and there is a trend for the geographic spread of the epidemic. Despite the fact that the number of ASF outbreaks newly detected in 2018 is almost half that of 2017, the situation remains tense. The forecast is still unfavorable. Lumpy skin disease has been reported in the Russian Federation for four years already. Herewith, from year to year the disease has been invading new territories. The HPAI epidemic situation is of great concern as in 2018 82 outbreaks were reported in poultry population which is 2.3 times more than in 2017. Besides, there is a trend for the epidemic extension. Thus, in 2018 avian influenza was reported in previously disease free Subjects of the Russian Federation. In 2018 the Russian Federation remained permanently infected with FMD, sheep and goat pox, and classical swine fever