Factors of Formation of Business Activity in an Organization in Innovative Conditions

Currently, our country is in the phase of serious qualitative transformations caused by the need for the economy to recover from the crisis caused by the sanctions of Western countries. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to guarantee sustainable economic growth, to ensure stable economic development of all economic entities, in particular to increase their business activity. The task of increasing the business activity of the organization is of particular importance. The competitiveness of companies is steadily declining, which is associated with the unproductiveness of the business management system and the reasons for its formation.This means that it is necessary to develop fresh science-based approaches and directions that meet the task of increasing the business activity of the enterprise

Контрастная спектральная двухэнергетическая маммография – инструмент точной диагностики онкопатологии на фоне плотной ткани молочной железы

Introduction. Differential diagnosis of some pathological processes in the breast is difficult on the background of dense breast tissue. This often leads to false conclusions and to late diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) or unreasonable biopsy in a benign process. 50% of breast cancers detected less than 12 months after elective mammography were associated with high density of breast tissue. An important advantage of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is that it does not depend on the size of the lesions and the X-ray density of the breast tissue. Objective. To compare the diagnostic performance of CESM and digital mammography (DM) in detection of breast cancer in a group of women with dense breast tissue.Materials and methods. The data of 438 patients with suspected breast cancer examined from August 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed in the study. The mean age of women was 50 ± 11 years (from 21 to 86 years). In the study group 154 (35%) malignant and 284 (65%) benign lesions were identified. All lesions were histologically verified. Breast tissue density corresponded to types A and B in 161 patients and corresponded to C and D types in 277 patients according to the ACR classification. 154 cases of breast cancer were identified, including 49 patients with density A and B and 105 patients with density C and D types.Results. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of DM were 85.7%, 87.3%, 86.8%, respectively. Diagnostic performance of CESM significantly higher than of DM with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 96.8% (p < 0.001), 93.3% (p = 0.015), 94.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. CESM had high positive and negative predictive values of 88.7% (p = 0.012) and 98.1% (p < 0.001), which exceeded those of DM – 78.6% and 91.9%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of DM and CESM were comparable in women with normal breast density (types A and B according to ACR), but in patients with high breast density (types C and D according to ACR), CESM was significantly more sensitive in detecting breast cancer.Conclusion. Thus, diagnostic efficiency of CESM in detecting breast cancer significantly higher in comparison with digital mammography.Введение. Дифференциальная диагностика патологических процессов в молочной железе (МЖ) на фоне повышенной маммографической плотности (МП) может быть затруднительной. Это нередко приводит к ложным заключениям и, соответственно, к длительному наблюдению при злокачественной опухоли или необоснованной биопсии при доброкачественном процессе. 50% случаев рака молочной железы (РМЖ), выявленных менее чем через 12 мес после “очередной” маммографии, были связаны с высокой МП. Важным достоинством контрастной двухэнергетической спектральной маммографии (КДСМ) является то, что ее информативность не зависит от размеров образований и МП.Цель исследования: сравнить общую диагностическую эффективность КДСМ и цифровой маммографии (МГ) в выявлении РМЖ у женщин с плотной МП.Материал и методы. В исследовании проанализированы данные 438 пациенток с подозрением на РМЖ. Средний возраст женщин составил 50 ± 11 лет. В исследуемой группе было выявлено 154 (35%) злокачественных и 284 (65%) доброкачественных образования. Была проведена гистологическая верификация всех выявленных образований. У 161 пациентки МП соответствовала ACR А- и В-типам, а у 277 пациенток МП – C- и D-типам согласно классификации ACR. Всего выявлено 154 случая РМЖ, из них у 49 больных МП была ACR А- и В-типов и у 105 пациенток – ACR C- и D-типов.Результаты. При анализе полученных данных чувствительность, специфичность и общая точность МГ составили 85,7, 87,3, 86,8% соответственно. При КДСМ эти показатели достоверно превышали показатели МГ и составили 96,8% (р < 0,001), 93,3% (р = 0,015), 94,5% (р < 0,001) соответственно. КДСМ отличалась высокими показателями прогностической точности положительных и отрицательных результатов – 88,7% (р = 0,012) и 98,1% (р < 0,001), которые превышали таковые при МГ – 78,6 и 91,9% соответственно. Установлено, что диагностические показатели при МГ и КДСМ были сопоставимы у женщин с низкой плотностью МЖ, но у пациентов с высокой плотностью КДСМ была значительно более чувствительной в выявлении РМЖ.Заключение. Таким образом, диагностическая эффективность КДСМ в выявлении рака молочной железы достоверно выше по сравнению с цифровой маммографией

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science

Standardized terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science — a dynamic and quickly evolving discipline — the rapid proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardized framework for its language development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damages and interventions. A standardized framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardizing terminology across stakeholders remains a prevailing challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalized, 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardized terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non-native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non-native' — populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualizing 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (1) dispersal mechanism, (2) species origin, (3) population status, and (4) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species

Effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy for infectious diarrhea in children with COVID-19

Introduction. The article presents basic information on approaches to pathogenetic therapy of acute intestinal infections. Data from our own research on the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in children aged 3 months to 18 years are presented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of complex rehydration, cytomucoprotective and probiotic therapy for infectious diarrhea of  various etiologies, including those developing with a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from our own observations of patients aged 3 months to 18 years with diarrhea against the background of acute intestinal infections of various etiologies (120 children), as well as with a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (32 children). The children were treated in  accordance with current standards and treatment recommendations. Clinical examples are presented.Results and discussion. Diarrhea was observed in 64% of patients with a new coronavirus infection. Clinical cases confirm the effectiveness of rehydration, cytomucoprotective and probiotic therapy for infectious diarrhea, regardless of the etiology, including COVID-19.Conclusions. Diarrhoea and other symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in COVID-19 are stopped when pathogenetic therapy is recommended for patients with acute intestinal infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in COVID-19 Infected Children

Objective of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of gastrointestinal tract disorders in children with coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. We have analyzed the frequency, terms of emergence, duration and character of gastrointestinal disorders on the basis of medical records of 36 children receiving the treatment for community-acquired pneumonia of coronavirus etiology (positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus) in the children’s infectious disease department of Moscow State Clinical Hospital, Mytishchi. The majority of patients had moderate form of the disease (97 %), severe cases were not registered. The age range of the children – 8 months to17 years old. All patients were subjected to supplementary examination on Day 1 in accordance with the current recommendations. Children were treated in hospital settings for 8–15 days. Assessment of clinical status was performed at least once a day over the stated period, supplementary survey – at least once in a week, upon indications – more frequently. SARSCoV-2 virus was identified using polymerase chain reaction. All patients received standard therapy in compliance with advanced methodological recommendations, upon indications – other pharmaceutical products.Results and discussion. Gastro-intestinal disorders in 23 children (64 %) emerged on Day 4–5, in 8 children (22 %) – before the start of the treatment; they lasted 3–5 days. In most of the patients diarrhea (64 %) and stomachaches (57 %) were observed. 67 % of the children demonstrated other symptoms indicative of gastrointestinal dysfunction. The disorders were characteristic for most of the children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The symptoms are contained when the main course of therapy is conducted, indicated for treatment of COVID-19, and additional therapy recommended for management of gastro-intestinal infections is performed