Laminated Wave Turbulence: Generic Algorithms II

The model of laminated wave turbulence puts forth a novel computational problem - construction of fast algorithms for finding exact solutions of Diophantine equations in integers of order $10^{12}$ and more. The equations to be solved in integers are resonant conditions for nonlinearly interacting waves and their form is defined by the wave dispersion. It is established that for the most common dispersion as an arbitrary function of a wave-vector length two different generic algorithms are necessary: (1) one-class-case algorithm for waves interacting through scales, and (2) two-class-case algorithm for waves interacting through phases. In our previous paper we described the one-class-case generic algorithm and in our present paper we present the two-class-case generic algorithm.Comment: to appear in J. "Communications in Computational Physics" (2006

Fourier analysis of wave turbulence in a thin elastic plate

The spatio-temporal dynamics of the deformation of a vibrated plate is measured by a high speed Fourier transform profilometry technique. The space-time Fourier spectrum is analyzed. It displays a behavior consistent with the premises of the Weak Turbulence theory. A isotropic continuous spectrum of waves is excited with a non linear dispersion relation slightly shifted from the linear dispersion relation. The spectral width of the dispersion relation is also measured. The non linearity of this system is weak as expected from the theory. Finite size effects are discussed. Despite a qualitative agreement with the theory, a quantitative mismatch is observed which origin may be due to the dissipation that ultimately absorbs the energy flux of the Kolmogorov-Zakharov casade.Comment: accepted for publication in European Physical Journal B see http://www.epj.or

Creation of functional solid-state composites based on black peat

The paper presents investigations of composite materials based on black peats of Barabinskoe and Taganskoe deposits of the Tomsk region and carboxymethyl cellulose, both modified with iron (Ш) and copper (II) chloride solutions. In order to improve hydrophobic properties of compositions, optimum salt concentrations are detected. Water sorption and desorption isotherms are obtained for modified specimens. It is suggested to employ synthesized solid-state compositions as insulators in the capacity of both humidity controller and indoor-contaminant absorber

Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice

Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans.Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans

Influenza virus infection and postviral bacterial pneumonia pathogenesis induced by different subtypes of influenza virus in mice

Secondary bacterial infections after influenza virus infection further increase morbidity and mortality due to influenza. Despite of seasonal influenza vaccination, antiviral drugs and antibiotics are widely used in viral/bacterial pneumonia therapy. Therefore, further comprehensive study of the infection pathogenesis is relevant. Murine models for influenza virus infection were reproduced with different virus subtypes A/California/04/2009MA (pandemic H1N1 2009), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/69 (H3N2), Anadyr/177/2009 (H1N1) and for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia caused by the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. After the infection occurs, its pathogenic features were detected by daily monitoring the mortality (survival) and morbidity rate (body weight loss) and, in addition, viral pathogenesis also was evaluated by assessing virus replication (viral titer) and humoral immune responses (production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in respiratory tract of infected mice including during antiviral (oseltamivir) and antibacterial (cefuroxime) therapy. Mortality and virus titer in the infected mice did not differ significantly between the groups of different influenza A virus subtypes. However, production of cytokines (IL-10, IFNg, TNFa) and weight gain proved to be different. Mortality of the mice reached 100% after secondary bacterial infection, whereas IFNg and TNFa levels in mice lung increased reached maximal values in the treated groups. Viral subtype A/California/04/2009MA of influenza A was most pathogenic in mouse model of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Antiviral and antibacterial treatment caused a decrease in mortality, reduced viral titers in lungs, and retain body weight gain of mice. According to these points, the treatment groups did not significantly differ from each other. At the same time, it should be noted that the cytokine production significantly decreased in the treated groups, and IL-10 and IFNg levels in lungs were different, that may be due to therapeutic mechanisms of these drugs. Thus, antiviral therapy for influenza infection and combination therapy for viralbacterial pneumonia can be an effective tool to reduce mortality of influenza

Economic evaluation of simulator for performing а venesection

The development of practical skills of medical students is extremely important for improving their future professional competences. The article is told about the stages of creating the simulator for performing a venesection. This simulator can be used repeatedly and it has a low price. The article also describes the comparative characteristics with existing simulators on the markРазвитие практических навыков студентов медицинских вузов чрезвычайно важно для профессионального мастерства во врачебной деятельности. В данной статье описаны этапы создания тренажера для отработки практических навыков по венесекции, который может использоваться неоднократно и на изготовление которого требуется минимальное количество денежных средств; проведена сравнительная характеристика с существующими тренажерами на рынк

Коморбидность ахалазии пищевода, смешанной тревожной и депрессивной реакции у пациентки молодого возраста: проблемы диагностики и лечения

Achalasia cardia (“cardiospasm”, “phrenospasm”, “dolichoesophagus”, “megaesophagus”, “stenosis of cardia”) represents a primary impairment of esophageal motor function associated with impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis defects of the thoracic esophagus. It is diagnosed at the age of 25 to 60 years, making up to 20% of all diseases of the esophagus, and is characterized by a triad of symptoms: dysphagia, regurgitation and chest pain when swallowing. In most cases the first manifestations of achalasia are preceded by stress situations in the anamnesis that complicates the differential diagnosis of psychogenic esophageal spasm. The presented clinical case illustrates difficulties of early diagnosis of achalasia cardia in a young femalepatient with severe anxiety and depressive symptoms which develop under conditions of chronic stressful situations in the family or at work. The issues of interdisciplinary interaction of health professionals (physician, gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and surgeon) on the course of examination and management of patients with comorbid physical and mental pathology are discussed. The efficiency of the integrative approach to treatment and rehabilitation with the use of modern reconstructive surgical interventions as well as conservative methods of therapy, psychopharmacotherapy and personality-oriented psychotherapy proves the relevance of studying psychosomatic aspects of achalasia cardia.Ахалазия кардии (кардиоспазм, френоспазм, долихоэзофагус, мегаэзофагус, кардиостеноз) представляет собой первичное нарушение двигательной функции пищевода, связанное с ухудшением расслабления нижнего пищеводного сфинктера и дефектами перистальтики его грудного отдела. Диагностируется в возрасте 25–60 лет, составляя до 20% случаев всех заболеваний пищевода, характеризуется триадой симптомов: дисфагией, регургитацией, загрудинными болями при глотании. В большинстве случаев первым проявлениям ахалазии предшествуют стрессовые ситуации в анамнезе, что затрудняет дифференциальную диагностику с психогенным эзофагоспазмом. Представленный клинический случай иллюстрирует трудности диагностики ахалазии кардиального отдела пищевода у женщины молодого возраста с выраженной тревожной и депрессивной симптоматикой, развившейся в условиях хронической стрессовой ситуации семейного и производственного плана. Обсуждаются вопросы междисциплинарного взаимодействия специалистов (терапевта, гастроэнтеролога, психиатра, психотерапевта, хирурга) по тактике обследования и ведения больной с коморбидной соматической и психической патологией. Эффективность интегративного подхода к лечению и реабилитации с использованием современных реконструктивных хирургических вмешательств, а также консервативных методов терапии, психофармакотерапии, личностно ориентированной психотерапии свидетельствует об актуальности изучения психосоматических аспектов ахалазии кардии

Hypertension control during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the MMM2021 in Russia

Repetitive quarantines and social restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have negatively affected the population health in general, and the control of hypertension (HTN) in particular.Aim. To evaluate the control of HTN in the Russian population during the COVID-19 period based on the results of screening for HTN May Measurement Month 2021 (MMM2021).Material and methods. During May-August 2021, 2491 participants from 11 Russian regions took part in the screening. Participation was voluntary without restrictions on sex. All participants were over 18 years of age. During the screening, blood pressure (BP) was measured three times using automatic and mechanical BP monitors. In addition, a questionnaire was filled out on behavioral risk factors, comorbidities and therapy. HTN was diagnosed with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive therapy. The questionnaire included questions about prior COVID-19, vaccinations and their impact on the intake of antihypertensive drugs.Results. The analysis included data from 2461 respondents aged 18 to 92, of which 963 were men (39,1%). The proportion of hypertensive patients was 41,0%, while among them 59,0% took antihypertensives and 30,9% were effectively treated. In comparison with pre-pandemic period according to MMM2018-2019, the higher proportion of HTN patients in the Russian sample was revealed during MMM2021 (41,0% vs 31,3%, p<0,001) with a comparable proportion of patients receiving antihypertensive therapy (60,7% vs 59,0%, p=0,05) and treatment efficacy (28,7% vs 30,9%, p=0,36). Monotherapy was received in 44,7% of cases, while dual and triple combination therapy — in 30,9% and 14,1%, respectively. The majority of respondents (~90%) did not adjust their antihypertensive therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion. According to HTN screening in Russia, there is persistent ineffective control of HTN, which may be due to both the worsening pattern of behavioral risk factors, limited access to healthcare during COVID-19, and the inertia of physicians and low adherence of patients due to the asymptomatic HTN course in the majority