Muon `Depth -- Intensity' Relation Measured by LVD Underground Experiment and Cosmic-Ray Muon Spectrum at Sea Level

We present the analysis of the muon events with all muon multiplicities collected during 21804 hours of operation of the first LVD tower. The measured angular distribution of muon intensity has been converted to the `depth -- vertical intensity' relation in the depth range from 3 to 12 km w.e.. The analysis of this relation allowed to derive the power index, $\gamma$, of the primary all-nucleon spectrum: $\gamma=2.78 \pm 0.05$. The `depth -- vertical intensity' relation has been converted to standard rock and the comparison with the data of other experiments has been done. We present also the derived vertical muon spectrum at sea level.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, to be published on Phys. Rev.

Сравнение реологических и вязкоупругих свойств медицинских изделий гиалуроновой кислоты для внутрисуставного введения

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 80% of people over 55 years and in its final stages leads to disability. One of the safe non-surgical methods of OA treatment is intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA).Objective: to compare the viscoelastic rheological properties of HA medical products with different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) available in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The study was carried out using a modular rheometer MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Austria). All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 25.0±0.1 °C using the measuring system "cone-plane" (angle – 2 ˚ , cone diameter – 40 mm, gap height – 0.169 mm). The determination of the elastic moduli (G’) and viscosity (G”) was carried out depending on the frequency in the linear region of the shear stress, and the dynamic viscosity was determined at a shear rate of 1 sec-1.Results. The evaluation of the rheological properties of the studied samples revealed a positive relationship with the concentration of SH and no relationship with the molecular weight of SH. The highest viscoelastic properties were possessed by medical products in the 1% SH group: Armaviscon and Ripart; in the group with SH concentration of 1.5–1.6%, all the studied samples, except for Hyalubrix, showed similar higher results compared to the previous group; in the group with SH concentration of 2–3%, Armaviscon Platinum had the highest results and Flexotron Ultra and Armaviscon Forte – somewhat lower results.Conclusion. The study of the rheological viscoelastic properties of HA medical products is the most accessible method, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the clinical effect.Остеоартрит (ОА) – наиболее распространенное заболевание суставов, которое поражает более 80% лиц старше 55 лет и на последних стадиях приводит к инвалидности. Одним из безопасных неоперативных методов лечения ОА является использование внутрисуставных инъекции медицинских изделий гиалуроновои кислоты (ГлК).Цель исследования – сравнение вязкоупругих реологических свойств медицинских изделий ГлК с различной концентрацией гиалуроната натрия (ГН), доступных для использования в Российской Федерации.Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось с помощью модульного реометра MCR 302 (Anton Paar, Австрия). Все измерения выполнялись при температуре 25,0±0,1 °С с использованием измерительной системы «конус-плоскость» (угол – 2°, диаметр конуса – 40 мм, высота зазора – 0,169 мм). Определение модулей упругости (G’) и вязкости (G”) осуществляли в зависимости от частоты в линейной области напряжения сдвига, а динамической вязкости – при скорости сдвига 1 с-1.Результаты и обсуждение. Оценка реологических свойств исследуемых образцов выявила положительную связь с концентрацией ГН и отсутствие связи с молекулярной массой ГН. Самыми высокими вязкоупругими свойствами обладали медицинские изделия в группе с концентрацией ГН 1%: Армавискон и Рипарт; в группе с концентрацией ГН 1,5–1,6% все исследуемые образцы, кроме Хиалубрикса, показали схожие, более высокие по сравнению с предыдущей группой, результаты; в группе с концентрацией ГН 2–3% наиболее высокие показатели имел Армавискон Платинум и несколько меньшие – Флексотрон Ультра и Армавискон Форте.Заключение. Изучение реологических вязкоупругих свойств медицинских изделий ГлК является наиболее доступным методом, на основании которого можно прогнозировать клинический эффект

Бронхиальная астма: федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease that requires identification of its phenotype and a personalized approach to therapy. At the same time, despite a wide range of therapeutic options, many patients with asthma cannot achieve control over the disease.Methodology. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are general practitioners, therapists, pediatricians, allergologists-immunologists, pulmonologists, and functional diagnostics doctors. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scales of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. The clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to the theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma, and reference materials.Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology and pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bronchial asthma. These guidelines were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021. Бронхиальная астма (БА) является гетерогенным заболеванием, при котором требуется выделение различных фенотипов и персонифицированный подход к терапии. При этом несмотря на широкий выбор терапевтических возможностей, у многих пациентов с БА не удается достичь контроля над заболеванием.Методы. Целевой аудиторией данных клинических рекомендаций являются врачи общей практики, терапевты, педиатры, аллергологи-иммунологи, пульмонологи и врачи функциональной диагностики. Каждый тезис-рекомендация по проведению диагностических и лечебных мероприятий оценивается по шкалам уровней достоверности доказательств от 1 до 5 и шкале оценки уровней убедительности рекомендаций по категориям А, В, С. Клинические рекомендации содержат также комментарии и разъяснения к указанным тезисам-рекомендациям, алгоритмы по диагностике и лечению БА, справочные материалы.Заключение. По данным представленных клинических рекомендаций освещаются современные сведения об этиологии и патогенезе, классификации, клинических проявлениях, диагностике, лечении и профилактике БА. Клинические рекомендации одобрены Научно-практическим Советом Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (2021).

The inhibition of human platelet aggregation by a low-molecular weight chitosan

Chitosan derivatives were obtained by chemical (MW of 6 kDa, DD 99% - Ch6/99; MW13 kDa, DD 98% - Ch13/98) and enzymatic (MW of 5 kDa, DD 85% - Ch5/85; MW of 10 kDa, DD 85% - Ch10/85) depolymeri-sation of chitosan with a MW of 334 and 1000 kDa. Chitosan derivatives (almost identical MW pairs and different DD) possessed insignificant an-ticoagulant activity, did not promote human platelet aggregation and re-duced ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The studied sam-ples at a concentration of 2 mg/ml reduced the aggregation of platelets more than twice induced in 2x10-6M and 1x10-5M concentrations; at weak activation in 2x10-6M, the Ch10/85 sample was the most effective. The Ch6/99 and Ch13/98 samples were 20 times more effective at the inhibi-tion of collagen-induced platelet aggregation than the Ch10/85 sample. The latter can be explained by the greater value of positive charge (DD) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of chitosan samples obtained by chemical de-polymerisatio

MOBILE H EALTH TECHNOLOGY: ORGANIZATIONAL, MEDICAL AND PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR CSD PREVENTION IN PRE-PRIMARY CARE

Objective: to evaluate the innovative organizational, medical and pharmacoepidemiological approaches for the prevention of circulatory system diseases in pre-primary care using mobile health technologies.Materials and methods: 3,694 people went through preventive consultation (questionnaires, anthropometry, body fat and blood pressure evaluation, electrocardiography, glucose and blood cholesterol) at equipped medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts.Results. Among the surveyed, there were both healthy people and patients cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Behavioral (insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, adding more salt without trying food, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse) and nutritional (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and glycaemia) risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases were detected that contribute to high mortality from circulatory system diseases in the Tver region. This is associated with low adherence to drug therapy and its lack of efficacy in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusion: to assess the effectiveness of CSD prevention in pre-primary care, it is possible to use mobile medical sites in shopping centers and rural health posts

Thromboresistant silicon plates modified with chitosan and heparin by the layer-by-layer assembly method

Fifteen samples of silicone plates (PlateSi, area=12 cm2), with surfaces modified layer-by-layer with chitosan and unfractionated heparin, were obtained. The sample surfaces were pre-treated by cold oxygen plasma in a planar-type plasma chemical reactor with 50 W power before coating with layered polysaccharides. Pre-treatment was carried out in two alternative operation modes of the reactor, namely in the plasma etching mode and in the reactive-ion etching mode. Thromboresistance was assessed in vitro in contact with human blood. The thromboresistant silicon plates, modified layer-by-layer (3, 5, 7, and 9 bilayers) with chitosan, with molecular weights of 65 kDa, increased with the increase in the number of layers, up to 5. An increase in the duration of thromboresistance was observed in layer-by-layer modification of the surface of the plates with chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa or with quaternized chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa. Some samples of highly thromboresistant, modified PlateSi contributed to the adhesion of platelets and the haemolysis of red blood cells to a lesser extent than untreated silicon plates. The three most promising samples of modified PlateSi were selected