In Vivo oocyte maturation and ovulation in females and spermiation in males of hybrid sturgeon, bester

Bester, a hybrid sturgeon (Huso huso L. females ´ Acipenser ruthenus L. males), neither spermiate nor ovulate in the captivity. Thirteen-year-old adult male and female bester were injected with LH-RHa (0.1-0.3 mg/kg B.W.) intramuscularly and spawning status of the treated fish was checked 24-48 hours later. Additionally, changes in serum levels of DHP in both the responded and the non-responded individuals were monitored 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. Between 70-100 percent of the LR-RHa injected males individuals, and 11-40 percent of the females spawned 24-48 hours after the treatment; the rest did not respond to the injection. In the responded males, 3-9 hours after the treatment, serum levels of DHP increased; while in the females it occurred first after 12-24 hours. In contrast, during the same period, serum levels of DHP remained low in all non-responded individuals. The present study indicated that using 0.1-1.3 mg/kg B. W. of LH-RHa can induce oocyte maturation and ovulation in the females and spermiation in the males cultured bester. The results suggested additionally DHP as an appropriated steroid that could be used in the final maturation stage of the gonads

The frequency in Japanese of genetic variants of 22 proteins III. Phosphoglucomutase-1, phosphoglucomutase-2, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, and adenosine deaminase

Five enzyme systems, PGM 1 , PGM 2 , ADA, 6-PGD and AK, were examined by electrophoresis in over 4000 samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki for the frequencies of common and rare variants. In the PGM 1 , system, the PGM 2 1 allele and PGM 7 1 ; allele were found in polymorphic proportions. I n addition, five kinds of slow variants and three types of fast variants of PGM 1 were detected. The PGM 3 NGS 1 1 allele was found in five individuals from Nagasaki, but was not observed in samples from Hiroshima. There were no variants of PGM 2 . Three kinds of fast variants of 6-PGD were detected. NO variation in AK was observed. There were no rare variants of ADA. The 6-PGD c allele had a frequency of 0.084 in Hiroshima, and 0.093 in Nagasaki, and the ADA 2 allele frequencies of 0.025 in Hiroshima and 0.032 in Nagasaki.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65524/1/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01912.x.pd

Discerning the origins of the Negritos, first Sundaland people: Deep divergence and archaic admixture

Human presence in Southeast Asia dates back to at least 40,000 years ago, when the current islands formed a continental shelf called Sundaland. In the Philippine Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, and Andaman Islands, there exist indigenous groups collectively called Negritos whose ancestry can be traced to the “First Sundaland People.” To understand the relationship between these Negrito groups and their demographic histories, we generated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data in the Philippine Negritos and compared them with existing data from other populations. Phylogenetic tree analyses show that Negritos are basal to other East and Southeast Asians, and that they diverged from West Eurasians at least 38,000 years ago. We also found relatively high traces of Denisovan admixture in the Philippine Negritos, but not in the Malaysian and Andamanese groups, suggesting independent introgression and/or parallel losses involving Denisovan introgressed regions. Shared genetic loci between all three Negrito groups could be related to skin pigmentation, height, facial morphology and malarial resistance. These results show the unique status of Negrito groups as descended from the First Sundaland People

Altered ATP release and metabolism in dorsal root ganglia of neuropathic rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has a ubiquitous role in metabolism and a major role in pain responses after tissue injury. We investigated the changes in basal and KCl-evoked ATP release from rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after peripheral neuropathy induction by unilateral sciatic nerve entrapment (SNE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After SNE, rats develop long-lasting decreases in ipsilateral hindpaw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimulation. At 15–21 days after neuropathy induction, excised ipsilateral L4-L5 DRG display significantly elevated basal extracellular ATP levels compared to contralateral or control (naive) DRG. However, KCl-evoked ATP release is no longer observed in ipsilateral DRG. We hypothesized that the differential SNE effects on basal and evoked ATP release could result from the conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine with subsequent activation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) on DRG neurons. Adding the selective A1R agonist, 2-chloro-N⁶-cyclopentyladenosine (100 nM) significantly decreased basal and evoked ATP release in DRG from naïve rats, indicating functional A1R activation. In DRG ipsilateral to SNE, adding a selective A1R antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (30 nM), further increased basal ATP levels and relieved the blockade of KCl-evoked ATP release suggesting that increased A1R activation attenuates evoked ATP release in neurons ipsilateral to SNE. To determine if altered ATP release was a consequence of altered DRG metabolism we compared O₂consumption between control and neuropathic DRG. DRG ipsilateral to SNE consumed O₂at a higher rate than control or contralateral DRG.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that peripheral nerve entrapment increases DRG metabolism and ATP release, which in turn is modulated by increased A1R activation.</p

Metodologias para instalação de bioensaios para o monitoramento da resistência de bonagota salubricola e grapholita molesta a inseticidas.

Neste comunicado técnico, são apresentadas metodologias de bioensaios que podem ser empregadas para mensurar a suscetibilidade de Bonagota salubricola e Grapholita molesta a inseticidas, visando a disponibilizar técnicas para implementar um programa pró-ativo de manejo da resistência.bitstream/item/104060/1/Comunicado-Tecnico-152.pd

Manejo da resistência de Bonagota salubricola e Grapholita a inseticidas.

bitstream/item/73181/1/Folder-Maca-2012.pd

Donor heart selection: the outcome of "unacceptable" donors

BACKGROUND: The decline in the number of suitable donor hearts has led to an increasing interest in the use of previously unacceptable donors. In the United Kingdom, if one centre declines a donor heart on medical grounds it may be offered to other centres. This multi-centre study aimed to evaluate the outcome of recipients of donor hearts considered medically unsuitable for transplantation by one centre that were used in other centres. METHODS: Between April 1998 and March 2003, ninety-three donor hearts (group A) were transplanted, after being considered medically unsuitable for transplantation by another centre. During the same period, 723 hearts (group B) were transplanted in the UK using donors not previously rejected. Data on the donors and recipients was obtained from the UK transplant database. Comparative analysis on the two groups was performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. RESULTS: The characteristics of recipients were similar in both groups. The main reasons for refusal of hearts are listed below. In most cases there was more than one reason for refusing the donor heart. We did not find significant differences in the post-operative mortality (up to 30 days), ICU and hospital stay and cardiac cause of death between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no significant difference in the long-term survival, with Log Rank test = 0.30. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that some hearts declined on medical grounds by one centre can safely be transplanted and should be offered out nationally. The use of these hearts was useful to expand the scarce donor pool and there does not seem to be a justification for denying recipients this extra source of organs

Anthropology and GIS: Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Philippine Negrito Groups

The Philippine negrito groups comprise a diverse group of populations speaking over 30 different languages, who are spread all over the archipelago, mostly in marginal areas of Luzon Island in the north, the central Visayas islands, and Mindanao in the south. They exhibit physical characteristics that are different from more than 100 Philippine ethnolinguistic groups that are categorized as non-negritos. Given their numbers, it is not surprising that Philippine negritos make up a major category in a number of general ethnographic maps produced since the nineteenth century. Reports from various ethnological surveys during this period, however, have further enriched our understanding regarding the extent and distribution of negrito populations. Using the data contained in these reports, it is possible to plot and create a map showing the historical locations and distribution of negrito groups. Using geographic information systems (GIS), the location and distribution of negrito groups at any given time can be overlaid on historical or current maps. In the present study, a GIS layer was compiled and extracted from the 2000 Philippine Census of population at the village level and overlaid on existing maps of the Philippines. The maps that were generated from this project will complement ongoing anthropological and genetic studies of negrito groups that inhabit different locations within the Philippine archipelago

Restoration of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Long-Term Activation of the CNS Leptin-Melanocortin System

Heart failure has a high mortality rate, and current therapies offer limited benefits. The authors demonstrate that activation of the central nervous system leptin-melanocortin pathway confers remarkable protection against progressive heart failure following severe myocardial infarction. The beneficial cardiac-protective actions of leptin require activation of brain melanocortin-4 receptors and elicit improvements in cardiac substrate oxidation, cardiomyocyte contractility, C