Važnija eksterijerna i reproduktivna svojstva populacije engleskog punokrvnog konja gajenog na ergeli 'Ljubičevo', Srbija

The investigation included 5 stallions (average age of 10.40 years) and 33 mares (average age of 10.33 years) with pedigree of the English Thoroughbred horse breed that are used for breeding on the Stud Farm Ljubicevo - Serbia. The investigation of some significant properties relating to the exterior (at stallions) and reproductive ones (at mares) were carried out in the year 2009. The following average exterior (body) measures of the stallions: the body mass (474.80 kg), withers height (160.46 cm), trunk or body length (161.88 cm), breast circumference (187.96 cm) and tibia circumference (19.22 cm) were within the standards of this horse breed of the age. The gestation period at mares, regardless the sex of a colt, averagely lasted 337.70 days. With the mares having had a male colt, the gestation lasted a little bit longer (338.92 days) than with the mares having had female colts (336.90 days). The difference in the gestation duration (2.02 days) was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Between the age of the mares and the gestation duration (regardless the sex of a colt) it was found a positive slight correlation (rp=0.320). Furthermore, between the age of the mares and the gestation duration it was found medium (rp=0.453) correlation at male colts, and quite poor correlation (rp=0.202) at female colts. Found coefficients of the phenotype correlation were not statistically confirmed (P>0.05).Istraživanjima je obuhvaćeno 5 pastuva (prosečne starosti 10,40 godina) i 33 kobile (prosečne starosti 10,33 godina) sa poznatim poreklom (pedigreom) engleske punokrvne rase konja koja se na ergeli Ljubičevo - Srbija aktivno koriste u priplodu. Utvrđivanja važnijih eksterijernih (pastuvi), odnosno reproduktivnih svojstava (kobile) sprovedena su u 2009. godini. Utvrđene prosečne eksterijerne (telesne) mere pastuva: telesna masa (474,80 kg), visina grebena (160,46 cm), dužina trupa - tela (161,88 cm), obim grudi (187,96 cm) i obim cevanice (19,22 cm) su bile u okviru standarda ove rase konja u odgovarajućoj starosnoj dobi. Bremenitost (gestacija) kobila, bez obzira na pol ždrebeta, u proseku je trajala 337,70 dana. Kod kobila koje su oždrebile mušku ždrebad bremenitost je trajala nešto duže (338,92 dana), nego kod kobila koje su oždrebile žensku ždrebad (336,90 dana). Razlika u trajanju bremenitosti (2,02 dana) nije bila statistički signifikantna (P>0,05). Između starosti kobila i trajanja bremenitosti (bez obzira na pol ždrebeta) utvrđena je pozitivna slaba korelaciona povezanost (rp=0,320). Zatim, između starosti kobila i trajanja bremenitosti utvrđena je srednja (rp=0,453) korelaciona povezanost kod muške ždrebadi, odnosno jako slaba (rp=0,202) kod ženske ždrebadi. Utvrđeni koeficijenti fenotipske korelacije nisu bili statistički potvrđeni (P>0,05)

Dobijanje i karakterizacija dva tipa imobilizovane amiloglukozidaze

Amyloglucosidase from A. niger was covalently immobilized onto poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) by the glutaraldehyde and periodate method. The immobilization of amyloglucosidase after periodate oxidation gave a preparate with the highest specific activity reported so far on similar polymers. The obtained immobilized preparates show the same pH optimum, but a higher temperature optimum compared with the soluble enzyme. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of soluble starch by free and both immobilized enzymes were determined.Amiloglukozidaza iz A.niger je imobilizovana na poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) glutaraldehidnom i perjodatnom metodom. Imobilizacija amiloglukozidaze nakon perjodatne oksidacije daje preparat sa najvećom do sada objavljenom specifičnom aktivnosti na sličnim polimerima. Dobijeni imobilizovani preparat ima isti pH optimum ali povećani termooptimum u poređenju sa rastvornim enzimom. Određeni su i kinetički parametri za hidrolizu rastvornog skroba imobilizovanim kao i rastvornim enzimom

Izvori varijabilnosti osobina porasta i telesne razvijenosti bikova Simentalske rase u performans testu

To test the variability of traits of Simmental bulls in performance test, data of the Livestock - Veterinary Centres for Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Velika Plana and Krnjača were used. In the analysis, data on 113 performance tested bulls born from 2008 to 2009 were used. The analysis included two sets of characteristics: body development traits and growth traits. The average body mass of calves entering the test was 195.75 kg, while the body mass at the end of the test was 476.50 kg, average daily gain in the test was 1138.69 g. Average values of body development traits measured at the end of the test, with 12 months of age were: height at withers 127.13 cm, chest circumference 179.42 cm, the chest depth 61.19 cm and body length 151.34 cm. The influence of their sires, the year and the Centre on the variability of traits was studied. The effect of age is present at a high level of statistical significance (p lt 0.01) for all traits that are registered at the end of the test, while the effect of the Centre was present in the variability of body mass at the end of the test, the daily gain in the test and the length of the body. The bulls-sires' influence was demonstrated (p lt 0.05) on the variability in body mass of calves entering the test.Za ispitivanje varijabilnosti osobina simentalskih bikova u performans testu iskorišćeni su podaci stočarsko-veterinarskog centra za reprodukciju i veštačko osemenjavanje iz Velike Plane i Krnjače. Za analizu su upotrebljeni podaci o 113 performans testiranih bikova rođenih u periodu od 2008 do 2009 godine. Analizom su obuhvaćene dve grupe osobina: osobine telesne razvijenosti i osobine porasta. Prosečna telesna masa sa kojom su telad ulazila u test iznosila je 195,75 kg, dok je telesna masa na kraju testa 476,50 kg, prosečan dnevni prirast u testu iznosio je 1138,69 g. Prosečne vrednosti osobina telesne razvijenosti merenim na kraju testa, sa 12 meseci uzrasta iznosile su: visina grebena 127.13 cm, obim grudi 179.42 cm, dubina grudi 61.19 cm i dužina trupa 151.34 cm. Analizirani su uticaj očeva, godine i centra na varijabilnost osobina. Efekat godine je prisutan na visokom nivou statističke značajnosti (p lt 0,01) za sve osobine koje se registruju na kraju testa, dok je efekat centra prisutan u varijabilnosti telesne mase na kraju testa, dnevnog prirasta u testu i dužini tela. Bikovi-očevi su ispoljili uticaj (p lt 0,05) na varijabilnost telesne mase sa kojom su telad ulazila u test

Hemijske modifikacije β-laktoglobulina hinonima

The avarone/avarol quinone/hydroquinone couple. as well as their derivatives show considerable antitumor activity. In this work, covalent modifications of beta-lactogglobulin. isolated from cow milk by avarone, its model compound 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone. and several of their alkylthio derivatives were studied. The techniques applied for as-saying the modifications were: UV/VIS spectrophotometry, SDS PAGE and isoelectrofocusing. The results of the SDS PAGE suggest that polymerisation of the protein occurs. The shift of the pI of the protein upon modification toward lower values indicates that lysine amino groups are the principal site of die reaction of beta-lactoglobulin with the quinones.Hinonsko/hidrohinonski par avaron/avarol i njihovi derivati pokazuju značajnu antitumorsku aktivnost. U ovom radu proučavane su kovalentne modifikacije β-laktoglobulina, izolovanog iz kravljeg mleka, avaronom, njegovim model-jedinjenjem 2-tert-butil-1,4-benzohinonom i njihovim alkiltio-derivatima. Za ispitivanje modifikacija korišćene su UV/VIS spektrofotometrija, SDS PAGE i izoelektrofokusiranje. Rezultat SDS PAGE ukazuje da se protein polimerizuje. Pomeranje pI vrednosti proteina nakon modifikacije ka nižim vrednostima pokazuje da su amino grupe lizina glavna mesta reakcije β-laktoglobulina sa hinonima

Životna proizvodnja visokomlečnih krava

Lifetime milk production is a key success factor in fulfilling the production potential of high-yielding cows. Lifetime milk production traits are pronouncedly variable. The life expectancy and the length of productive life of dairy cows are repeatedly limiting factors for improving lifetime milk production. Lifetime milk production is greatly depended on age at first calving and the number of lactations during productive life. Previous researches have implied there are real chances for improving the lifetime milk production of high-yielding cows. The goal of this research was to investigate the significance of key systematic factors on the lifetime production of high-yielding Black-and-White cows. The animals included in the sample had different share of Holstein genes. The researchers determined systematic factors that caused some significant phenotypic variations of the investigated trait. The average lifetime milk production was 25,002.66±7,755.39 kg. When observed by cow genotypes, the mean values of the lifetime milk production varied from 27,061.37 kg ( (lt) 58% HF) and 24,761.26 kg (58-73% HF) to 23,185.36 kg (>73% HF). The differences in lifetime milk production determined among the animals were due to a highly significant (p≤0.01) impact of the bulls - the sires of the cows and the year of culling; the impact of the class of HF genes was significant (p≤0.05), whereas the impact of the reason for culling was non-significant (p>0.05).Osobine životne proizvodnje visokomlečnih krava imaju veliki ekonomski značaj. Crno-bela goveda imaju značajan genetski potencijal za proizvodnju mleka. Visokoproizvodne krave crno-bele rase izložene su tokom produktivnog veka velikom broju složenih uticaja koji intenzivno deluju na nivo relizacije njihovog genetskog potencijala. Uslovi sredine često nisu u saglasnosti sa potrebama ove visokomlečne rase goveda. Povećanjem učešća gena holštajn-frizijske rase, tokom procesa oplemenjivanja evropskog tipa crno-belih goveda, došlo je do povećanja prinosa mleka. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost za značajnije povećanje životne produktivnosti crno-belih krava. Poznavanje broja i nivoa uticaja faktora sredine, na životnu proizvodnju visokomlečnih krava, važno je zbog njihovog uključivanja u model. U skladu sa značajem pojedinih sistematskih faktora u okviru istraživanja je obavljena njihova objektivna procena. Cilj rada je bio da se primenom odgovarajuće metodologije ispita značajnost razlika, u ostvarenoj životnoj proizvodnji mleka kod visokoproizvodnih crno-belih krava, preko najvažnijih sistematskih uticaja. Prosečna životna proizvodnja mleka iznosila je 25002.66±7755.39 kg litara. Posmatrano po genotipovima krava prosečne vrednosti životne proizvodnje mleka iznosile su 27061.37 kg ( (lt) 58% HF), 24761.26 kg (58-73% HF) i 23185.36 kg (> 73% HF). Utvrđene razlike između grla u pogledu ostvarenog nivoa životne proizvodnje mleka nastale su kao posledica visoko značajnog uticaja (P≤0.01) bikova-očeva krava i godine izlučenja krava, klasa HF gena krava imala je značajan uticaj (p≤0.05), dok razlog izlučenja nije imao značajan uticaj (P>0.05)

Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Flavonoid Fustin Isolated from the Heartwood of Cotinus Coggygria Scop. Against Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Background and objective: Cotinus coggygria Scop. is a valuable medicinal plant species with pronounced pharmacological potential due to its numerous biological activities. The herb is characterized by a high content of polyphenols among which is fustin. The anticancer activities of fustin, however, are extremely weakly studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative potential of fustin isolated from the heartwood of C. coggygria against cell lines originating from two of the most common cancer types – breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7), and colon cancer (Colon 26). Materials and methods: Cell growth inhibitory properties of fustin were examined by MTT assay. Subsequently, phase-contrast and fl uorescence microscopy analysis as well as colonyforming assay were carried out on the most sensitive to the cytostatic action of the fustin cell line. Results: The obtained results showed that fustin reduced the proliferation of all studied cell lines. The highest cytostatic eff ect was registered towards breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 56.02 μg/ ml followed by colon cancer cells with an IC50 of 78.07 μg/ml. MCF7 cell proliferation was least aff ected with a calculated IC50 of 187.8 μg/ml. Further investigations on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells indicated decreased density of cell monolayer and some morphological alterations, signifi cant attenuation in the number of viable cells, and diminished clonogenic ability of cells after fustin exposure. Conclusion: It could be concluded that fustin isolated from the heartwood of medicinal plant C. coggygria possesses marked antiproliferative properties against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 which will be a subject of our more detailed future investigations

Schizophyllum commune: The main cause of dying trees of the Banja Luka arbored walks and parks

In the frame of investigation of the main cause of dying trees of the main arbored walks (Mladena Stojanovića Aley and Park), the investigation of the presence and diversity of macrofungi in Banja Luka City were undertaken in the period 2006-2011. Relatively poor generic diversity of lignicolous (pathogenic or potentially pathogenic and saprotrophic) macrofungi with only 16 species representing this group (13 basidiomycets: Schizophyllum commune, Fomes fomentarius, Stereum hirsutum, Coriolus versicolor, Flammulina velutipes, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Ganoderma applanatum, G. lucidum, G. adspersum, Polyporus squamosus, Meripilus giganteus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Auricu­laria auricula-judae, and 3 ascomycets: Nectria cinnabarina, Xylaria hypoxylon, X. poly­morpha) were recorded. Such a poor qualitative composition of this very important fungal group could be explained by the reduction in the number of plant species in arbored walks and alleys, as well as the reduction in the number of fungi resistant to heavy air pollution caused by nearby (1-5m) fuel combustion in engines. Although only preliminary, our results pointed to the necessity of conservation and protection of the most beautiful features of Banja Luka and its alleys and arbored walks, by undertaking the measures of curing damaged trees and treating them with fungicides in order to wipe out the epiphytia caused in more than 95% of cases (dated May 2011) by Split-gill (Schizophyllum commune), present on dead wood but also on damaged trees of Aesculus hyppocastaneum (127 trees), Tilia cordata (124 trees), Tilia platyphyllos (36 trees), Tilia argentea (40 trees), Acer negundo (20 trees), Platanus acerifolia (2 trees), Robinia pseudoacacia (3 trees), Fraxinus ornus (1 tree), Betula pendula (1 tree), Catalpa sp. (2 trees), etc. Altogether, during the last decade, around 200 trees collapsed or were sanitary cut in Banja Luka arbored walk from the Malta site to the Green bridge, a total length around 5 km. The reason for this was primarily due to Split-gill fungus and the restoration of arbored walks in the streets extremely polluted by engine fuel consumption in the zone of Mladena Stojanovića street. By analyzing the trees along the City of Banja Luka main street it could be concluded that, besides the appearance of suffocation of plants, due to wide asphalt surfaces that are located immediately next to the tree-trunks and heavy air pollution, fungi caused illnesses are the most important cause of the decline of trees. With its great adaptation to arid climate and ability to resist to the air pollution, Schizophyllum commune turned out to be the most aggressive and successful universal fungal invader of trees from old alleys, even threatening immuno­compromised human individuals. However, man and his direct or indirect impacts contrib­ute to the dying of trees much faster than the fungal pathogens in the busiest and most polluted Mladena Stojanovića street

Uticaj sastava i udela inertne komponente na morfologiju i parametre porozne strukture makroporoznog kopolimera 4-vinilpiridina i etilenglikoldimetakrilata

In this study, the influence of the type and content of inert component in the reaction mixture on the properties of crosslinked macroporous copolymers of 4-vinyl pyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly (4-VP-co-EGDMA), synthesized by suspension copolymerization was studied. n-Heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, octanol and dodecanol were used the inert component. The porosity parameters of the synthesized copolymers were determined by mercury porosimetry. Morphology of copolymer particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that all the synthesized poly (4-VP-co-EGDMA) samples have globular structure. Additionaly, our results showed that it was possible to influence the size of the globules, their agglomeration and spatial arrangements and also the porosity parameters of the synthesized copolymers by the changing type and ratio of the inert component in the reaction mixture.U okviru ovoga rada prikazani su rezultati dobijeni izučavanjem uticaja vrste i udela inertne komponente u reakcionoj smeši na svojstava umreženog makro-poroznog kopolimera 4-vinilpiridina i etilenglikoldimetakrilata, poli(4-VP-co-EGDMA), sintetizovanog suspenzionom kopolimerizacijom. U svojstvu inertne komponente korišćeni su: n-heptan, n-oktan, n-nonan, oktanol i dodekanol. Parametri porozne strukture sintetizovanih kopolimera su određivani metodom živine porozimetrije, a morfologija pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa. Pokazano je da svi sintetizovani uzorci poli(4-VP-co-EGDMA) imaju globularnu strukturu i da se izmenom vrste i udela inertne komponente u reakcionoj smeši može uticati na veličinu globula, njihovu aglomeraciju i raspodelu aglomerata u prostoru, a samim tim i na parametre porozne strukture sintetizovanih kopolimera

Parcijalna karakterizacija antibakterijskog peptida koji proizvodi probiotska bakterija Lactobacillus plantarum G2

The aim of this study was the partial characterization of the antimicrobial peptide bacteriocin G, produced by probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum G(2), which was isolated from a clinical sample of a healthy person. Antimicrobial substance was secreted in the supernatant of an L. plantarum G(2) culture, and showed a diverse spectrum of antimicrobial activity of all the tested strains of the genera Lactobacillus and the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella abony. Isoclectric focusing revealed that bacteriocin G(2) is a cationic peptide (pI about 10) with a molecular mass of 2.2 kDa according to tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE. The antimicrobial activity of bactcriocin G(2) was diminished by the proteolytic action of trypsin and proteinase K. Bacteriocin G(2) preserved its biological activity in the temperature range 40-60 degrees C (15 min), which was lost at 80 degrees C. Bacteriocin G(2) was stable in the pH range 2-9, while treatment with 1 % Tween 80 and 1 % urea resulted in increased antimicrobial activity. The probiotic strain L. plantarum G(2) produces the antimicrobial substance proteinaceous in nature with bacteriocin characteristics. Bacteriocin production is one of the key properties of probiotic bacteria with clinical potential as anti-infective agents, which will increase the likelihood of its in vivo efficacy.Cilj ovog istraživanja je bila parcijalna karakterizacija antimikrobnog peptida iz probiotske bakterija Lactobacillus plantarum G2 izolovane iz kliničkog uzorka zdrave osobe. Antimikrobno jedinjenje iz L. plantarum G2, označeno kao bakteriocin G2, dobijeno iz supernatanta bakterijske kulture, pokazalo je širok spektar antimikrobne aktivnosti, inhibirajići rast svih ispitivanh vrsta roda Lactobacillus, kao i patogenih bakterija Staphylococcus aureus i Salmonella abony. Bakteriocin G2 je osetljiv na proteolitičko dejstvo tripsina i proteinaze K. Antimikrobna aktivnost je stabilna u opsegu 40-60°C (15 min), ali se gubi na temperaturi od 80°C. Ustanovljeno je da je bakteriocin stabilan na pH vrednostima između 2 i 9. Dejstvo Tween-a 80 i uree je dovelo do povećane inhibitorne aktivnosti. Prema IEF, bakteriocin G2 je katjonski protein, sa pI vrednošću oko 10, a molekulaska masa određena na osnovu tricin-SDS-PAGE je 2,2 kDa. Probiotski soj L plantarum G2 produkuje antimikrobno jedinjenje proteinske strukture sa karakteristikama bakteriocina. Sinteza bakteriocina je jedna od ključnih osobina probiotskih bakterija koje imaju klinički potencijal kao antiinfektivni agensi, jer značajno povećava verovatnoću njihove in vivo efikasnosti

Kinetika parcijalne dehidratacije gibsita u reaktoru sa pneumatskim transportom

The dehydration kinetics of gibbsite to activated alumina was investigated at four different temperatures between 883 K and 943 K in a reactor for pneumatic transport in the dilute two phase flow regime. The first order kinetic behavior of this reaction with respect to the water content of the solid material was proved and an activation energy of 66.5 kJ/mol was calculated. The effect of residence time on the water content is given and compared with theoretical calculations. The water content and other characteristics of the products depend on two main parameters, one is the short residence time and the other is the temperature of the dehydration of gibbsite. The short residence time of the gibbsite particles in a reactor for pneumatic transport prevents crystallization into new phases, as established from XRD analysis data. Reactive amorphous alumina powder, with a specific surface area of 250 m2/g, suitable as a precursor for catalyst supports is obtained.Kratkovremena termička razgradnja gibsita je vršena u reaktoru za pneumatski transport čestica na temperaturama iznad 883 K i vremenu boravka ispod 1 sekunde. Dobijeni aktivirani prah ima visok stepen amorfizacije i mali procenat polaznog gibsita utvrđen rendgenostrukturnom analizom. Kinetika parcijalne dehidratacije gibsita je određivana u temperaturnom intervalu od 883 K do 943 K. Pokazano je da je reakcija dehidratacije gibsita prvog reda u odnosu na sadržaj vode u čvrstom materijalu i izračunata energija aktivacije iznosi 66.5 kJ/mol. Određeno je optimalno vreme boravka čestica gibsita i temperatura dehidratacije gibsita u poluindustrijskom postrojenju, kao i uticaj temperature aktivacije na sadržaj vode u aktiviranom produktu