Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Keluasan Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of company characteristics on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the annual reports of existing companies in Indonesia. The firm characteristics factors that used in this study such as institutional ownership, the type of industry, corporate size, profitability, leverage and quality of auditor. Measurement of corporate social responsibility is based on corporate social reporting category to calculate the Corporate Social Responsibility Index (CSRI) that seen from the company's annual report. The population of this study is all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISX) in 2010 which is included into Kompas 100 lists in 2010. The total sample was 53 companies. Data analysis was performed with the classical assumption and hypothesis testing using double linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the factor of institutional ownership, the type of industry, corporate size, profitability, and leverage significantly influence the disclosure of CSR in Indonesia. Meanwhile, quality of auditor has no significant impact on disclosure of CSR in Indonesia

Longitudinal magnetic excitation in KCuCl3 studied by Raman scattering under hydrostatic pressures

We measure Raman scattering in an interacting spin-dimer system KCuCl3 under hydrostatic pressures up to 5 GPa mediated by He gas. In the pressure-induced quantum phase, we observe a one-magnon Raman peak, which originates from the longitudinal magnetic excitationand is observable through the second-order exchange interaction Raman process. We report the pressure dependence of the frequency, halfwidth and Raman intensity of this mode.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, inpress in JPCS as a proceeding of LT2

De l'agriculture urbaine à la都市農業 (toshinogyo) Une analyse de leur émergence dans le cas de Genève et Tokyo

Il y a aujourd'hui un relatif consensus autour de l'émergence de l'agriculture urbaine. Les projets d'agriculture urbaine se développeraient, car il y aurait une nécessité à réinstaurer des relations entre l'urbain et l'agricole. Les dispositifs qui ont été mis en place par la modernité comme le zonage, l'économie de marché, les transports, l'usage de fertilisants ou les filières agroalimentaires auraient en effet fait disparaître ces relations qu'il s'agirait aujourd'hui de reconnecter. L'agriculture urbaine serait alors présentée comme une stratégie alternative à cette distinction. Elle serait le résultat de relations réciproques - et donc équivalentes - entre l'urbain et l'agricole. Elle serait alors à la fois urbaine et agricole. Nous pensons qu'il faut sortir aujourd'hui de cette conception d'agriculture urbaine. Nous remettons tout d'abord en question le fait que l'agriculture urbaine aurait pour objectif de reconnecter l'urbain et l'agricole. Cela présuppose qu'il n'y aurait plus de relations durant la modernité entre l'agricole et l'urbain. Or, comme le montre l'étude des aspects spatiaux, fonctionnels et sociaux de ces relations sous la modernité pour les cas de Genève et de Tokyo, ces relations existeraient toujours, voire même s'intensifieraient. Nous cherchons aussi à montrer qu'il faut faire évoluer l'idée que l'agriculture urbaine étant le résultat de relations réciproques entre l'urbain et l'agricole, elle se devait d'être à la fois urbaine et agricole. Dans les faits, l'agriculture urbaine apparaît plus souvent comme un projet de l'urbain au bénéfice de celui-ci, que comme un projet partagé entre l'urbain et l'agricole. Enfin, nous mettons en avant que l'agriculture urbaine n'aurait pas la capacité de reconnecter de façon effective l'agricole et l'urbain. Ainsi, l'agriculture urbaine n'est pas en mesure de se substituer aux dispositifs mis en place par la modernité. Elle ne peut rendre les villes autonomes en denrées alimentaires, établir des symbioses agro-urbaines ou remettre en question le système des filières agroalimentaires. Dans ce contexte, nous défendons la thèse que la conception d'agriculture urbaine doit aujourd'hui évoluer vers celle de toshinogyo. L'objectif est alors de rendre visibles les relations entre l'agricole et l'urbain. Les dispositifs mis en place sous la modernité n'ont pas eu pour effet de supprimer les relations entre l'urbain et l'agricole, mais de les rendre invisibles. Il s'agit aujourd'hui de leur redonner une visibilité. En devenant cette prise qui rend visibles ces relations, la toshinogyo ne serait alors plus tenue d'être urbaine et agricole à la fois, de même qu'elle ne s'opposerait pas aux dispositifs modernes, mais en serait complémentaire. Dans le contexte Genevois, le passage de l'agriculture urbaine à la toshinogyo est loin d'être encore évident. Dans le cas de Tokyo, l'optique de la toshinogyo est clairement affirmée et pourrait alors donner des amorces de pistes à suivre

HDAC inhibition potentiates immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a more aggressive and difficult subtype of breast cancer where responses to chemotherapy occur, but toxicity is significant and resistance often follows. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Here, we investigated a new combination strategy where histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are applied with immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve immunotherapy responses in TNBC. Testing different epigenetic modifiers, we focused on the mechanisms underlying HDACi as priming modulators of immunotherapy. Tumor cells were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed to define the role of epigenetic priming in promoting tumor antigen presentation and immune cell activation. We found that HDACi up-regulate PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner in TNBC cells, but not in hormone responsive cells. Focusing on TNBC, HDACi up-regulated PD-L1 and HLA-DR on tumor cells when co-cultured with PBMCs and down-regulated CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg in vitro. HDACi significantly enhanced the in vivo response to PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade in the triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer mouse model, the only currently available experimental system with functional resemblance to human TNBC. This resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth and increased survival, associated with increased T cell tumor infiltration and a reduction in CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, our results suggest a novel role for HDAC inhibition in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and identify a promising therapeutic strategy, supporting its further clinical evaluation for TNBC treatment

Contribution of L-type Ca2+ channels to early afterdepolarizations induced by I-Kr and I-Ks channel suppression in guinea pig ventricular myocytes

ArticleJOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY. 222(3): 151-166(2008)journal articl

Simulating the Mammalian Blastocyst - Molecular and Mechanical Interactions Pattern the Embryo

Mammalian embryogenesis is a dynamic process involving gene expression and mechanical forces between proliferating cells. The exact nature of these interactions, which determine the lineage patterning of the trophectoderm and endoderm tissues occurring in a highly regulated manner at precise periods during the embryonic development, is an area of debate. We have developed a computational modeling framework for studying this process, by which the combined effects of mechanical and genetic interactions are analyzed within the context of proliferating cells. At a purely mechanical level, we demonstrate that the perpendicular alignment of the animal-vegetal (a-v) and embryonic-abembryonic (eb-ab) axes is a result of minimizing the total elastic conformational energy of the entire collection of cells, which are constrained by the zona pellucida. The coupling of gene expression with the mechanics of cell movement is important for formation of both the trophectoderm and the endoderm. In studying the formation of the trophectoderm, we contrast and compare quantitatively two hypotheses: (1) The position determines gene expression, and (2) the gene expression determines the position. Our model, which couples gene expression with mechanics, suggests that differential adhesion between different cell types is a critical determinant in the robust endoderm formation. In addition to differential adhesion, two different testable hypotheses emerge when considering endoderm formation: (1) A directional force acts on certain cells and moves them into forming the endoderm layer, which separates the blastocoel and the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM). In this case the blastocoel simply acts as a static boundary. (2) The blastocoel dynamically applies pressure upon the cells in contact with it, such that cell segregation in the presence of differential adhesion leads to the endoderm formation. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine cell-based spatial mechanical simulations with genetic networks to explain mammalian embryogenesis. Such a framework provides the means to test hypotheses in a controlled in silico environment