944 research outputs found
Immunity to K1 killer toxin: internal TOK1 blockade.
K1 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbor RNA viruses that mediate secretion of K1, a protein toxin that kills virus-free cells. Recently, external K1 toxin was shown to directly activate TOK1 channels in the plasma membranes of sensitive yeast cells, leading to excess potassium flux and cell death. Here, a mechanism by which killer cells resist their own toxin is shown: internal toxin inhibits TOK1 channels and suppresses activation by external toxin
Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-, Sheath-, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis
The comparison of specific interplanetary conditions for 798 magnetic storms
with Dst < -50 nT for the period 1976-2000 was made on the basis of the OMNI
archive data.We categorized various large-scale types of solar wind as
interplanetary drivers of storms: corotating interaction region (CIR), Sheath,
interplanetary CME (ICME) including magnetic cloud (MC) and Ejecta, separately
MC and Ejecta, and "Indeterminate" type. The data processing was carried out by
the method of double superposed epoch analysis which uses two reference times
(onset of storm and the minimum Dst index) and make a re-scaling of main phase
of storm a such way that after this transformation all storms have equal
durations of main phase in new time reference frame. This method reproduced
some well-known results and allowed us to obtain some new results.
Specifically, obtained results demonstrate high importance of Sheath in
generation of magnetic storms as well as a significant differences in
properties of MC and Ejecta and in their geoeffectiveness.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, submitted to J. of Advances in Space
Research on 29 July, 2009 for Special Issue "Space Weather Advances
Etymology of Lexemes of Denoting Colour
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ, ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. The article is devoted to the etymologic research of lexemes of denoting colour in the German, Ukrainian and Russian languages. An attempt to compare the primary meaning of colors in the German, Ukrainian and Russian languages is done. Such lexemes as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, dark blue, violet are analysed
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