Determination of the Working Liquids Technical Condition By Analysis of Digital Speckle Images Parameters

The article discusses the practical realization for the optical control method of technical working fluids condition by the analysis of digital speckle images parameters is discussed. The experimental research results on the application of this method for estimation of aviation fuel and motor oil technical condition are presented. Keywords: motor oil, aviation fuel, speckle, autocorrelation, impurities, diagnostic

Using the Target-Visualization Method to Process Hyperspectral Images

Processing hyperspectral images allows you to decode images and recognize objects in the scene on the base of analysis of spectrums. In some problems, information about the spectra may not be sufficient. In this case, visualization of data sets may use, for object recognition, by use additional non-formalized external attributes (for example, indicating the relative position of objects). Target visualization is a visualization adapted to a specific task of application. The method discussed in this chapter uses a way to visualize a measure of similarity to the sample. As a result of the transformation, the hyperspectral (multichannel) image is converted into a single-channel synthesized image in grayscale, on which the objects of interest for the problem under consideration are selected. By changing the brightness and contrast of the synthesized image, it is possible to interactively adjust the results of automatic processing

Role of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism in the human pathology

Nowadays multiple heterogeneous chemicals affect the human body. They include drugs, household chemicals, dyes, food supplements and others. The human organism can modify, inactivate, and eliminate the chemicals by biotransformation enzymes. But it is well known that biotransformation can lead to toxification phenomenon. Individuals differ from each other by the rate of chemical modification that promotes accumulation of toxins and carcinogens in some patients. An N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme participates in the aromatic amines second phase metabolism. This work reviews the acetyltransferase gene polymorphism possible role in diseases development including drug-induced organs damage.Gene of acetyltransferase has polymorphisms associated with two haplotypes of  fast and slow substrate acetylation. Gene alleles combine in three genotypes: fast, intermediate, and slow acetylators. Acetylation rate plays a significant role in side effects development during tuberculosis treatment and cancer pathogenesis. Recently, new data described the role of enzyme in development of non-infectious diseases in the human. Scientists consider that slow acetylation genotype in combination with high xenobiotic load result in accumulation of toxic substances able to damage cells.Therefore, acetyltransferase genotyping helps to reveal risk groups of cancer and non-infectious disease development and to prescribe more effective and safe doses of drugs

PARENTERAL VIRAL HEPATITISES IN THE IRKUTSK REGION

From all group of infectious pathology viral hepatitises, from which the most priority are the parenteral hepatitises B and С, are essential for health of mankind, also the Irkutsk region isn’t an exception. The aim of the study: to assess an epidemiological situation in sharp and chronic forms of the viral hepatitises B and С in the territory of the Irkutsk region for the long-term period. Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of an epidemiological situation on viral hepatitises B and C in Russia, Siberian Federal District and in the Irkutsk region for 2008–2016 is carried out. Results. The expressed decrease in incidence of acute viral hepatitis B is noted, at a chronic form of this disease rates of decrease had less expressed character that can be connected with carrying out by mass vaccinal prevention. The carried-out ranged distribution of territories for all forms of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Irkutsk region has allowed to reveal territories of risk. Conclusion. Parenteral viral hepatitises (sharp and chronic forms) are widespread in the territory of the Irkutsk region. From 43 administrative territories of the area, 24 belong to unsuccessful on incidences from which five are to territories of high epidemiological risk: cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Ust-Ilimsk and also Katangsky and Shelekhovsky districts

On the connection between gamma and radio radiation spectra in pulsars

The model of pulsar radio emission is discussed in which a coherent radio emis-sion is excited in a vacuum gap above polar cap of neutron star. Pulsar X and gamma radiation are considered as the result of low-frequency radio emission inverse Comp-ton scattering on ultra relativistic electrons accelerated in the gap. The influence of the pulsar magnetic field on Compton scattering is taken into account. The relation of radio and gamma radiation spectra has been found in the framework of the model.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Russian version accepted to JETP, partly published in JETP Letters, Vol. 85, #6 (2007

Jean Pecquet (1622–1674). To the 400th anniversary of the birth

The article is dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding French anatomist, physician and philosopher Jean Pecquet (1622–1674). Pecquet’s biography is connected with the city of Dieppe, where the future scientist was born and got his primary education, and with Paris, where he made his main discoveries in anatomy. Throughout his life, Pecquet collaborated with many prominent scientists of that time (Jacques Mentel, Louis Gayant, Jean Riolan (the Younger)), including not only physicians and anatomists, but also physicists such as Blaise Pascal, Edme Mariotte, Marin Mersenne and Evangelista Torricelli. Pecquet’s most famous discovery is the chyle cictern, or cisterna chyli. The structure was named after of the scientist – “Pecquet’s reservoir (cistern)”. But more revolutionary discovery made by Pecquet is revealing and proving the fact that the lymphatic ducts flow into the superior vena cava indirectly through the venous angles and refuting the conventional opinion on the drainage of lymph into the liver. An important help in Pecquet’s anatomical research and experiments was his passion for the physical and mathematical sciences. In collaboration with Edme Marriott, Pecquet studied the structure of the eyeball and turned out to be more foresighted, because, unlike Marriott, he correctly understood the role of the retina in the functioning of the eye as an organ of vision. Pecquet was one of William Harvey’s supporters regarding his concept of blood circulation. He introduced cutting-edge at that moment technologies into the anatomy methodology, including animal experiments in vivo, and made a fateful contribution to the progress of anatomical science

Reconstruction of recombination sites in genomic structures of the strains of genotype 6 of hepatitis C virus

The encoded portion of the complete genomes of 46 strains of the genotype 6 of hepatitis C virus through bioinformatics RDP programs complex group of 6 recombinants strains was identified, in which 7 recombination sites were fixed. Strains correspond to the three-recombinant HCV subtypes: 6a, 6b and 61. For each of the identified recombinant we defined parent strains from which they can be obtained. Three recombinants were obtained from parent strains of the same subtype (homologous inside subgenotypic recombination). For the remaining three recombinants parent strains were members of three different subtypes (between subgenotypic recombination).In one strain we identified a unique recombination site in a highly conservative NS3 gene. Most of the recombination sites occurred in the region of the structural genes C, E1 and E2, and in the area of non-structural genes NS5a and NS5b.In the recombinant strain DQ480518-6a two recombination site were identified. One site is located in the structural and nonstructural genes (E2 + NS1 + NS2), and a second one in non-structural region. Dimensions of recombination sites can vary from 86 to 1072 nucleotide bases. The study identified "hot spots" of recombination in the strains of genotype 6 of hepatitis C virus. The recombinants were found in the population of the three countries: the United States (from the serum of an immigrant), Hong Kong and China

Nuclear Scissors Mode with Pairing

The coupled dynamics of the scissors mode and the isovector giant quadrupole resonance are studied using a generalized Wigner function moments method taking into account pair correlations. Equations of motion for angular momentum, quadrupole moment and other relevant collective variables are derived on the basis of the time dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations. Analytical expressions for energy centroids and transitions probabilities are found for the harmonic oscillator model with the quadrupole-quadrupole residual interaction and monopole pairing force. Deformation dependences of energies and $B(M1)$ values are correctly reproduced. The inclusion of pair correlations leads to a drastic improvement in the description of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the scissors mode.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, the results of calculation by another method and the section concerning currents are adde

Review of scientific topics for Millimetron space observatory

This paper describes outstanding issues in astrophysics and cosmology that can be solved by astronomical observations in a broad spectral range from far infrared to millimeter wavelengths. The discussed problems related to the formation of stars and planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, studies of black holes and the development of the cosmological model can be addressed by the planned space observatory Millimetron (the "Spectr-M" project) equipped with a cooled 10-m mirror. Millimetron can operate both as a single-dish telescope and as a part of a space-ground interferometer with very long baseline.Comment: The translation of the original article in Physics Uspekhi http://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2014/12/c

QCD Form Factors and Hadron Helicity Non-Conservation

Recent data for the ratio $R(Q)= QF_{2}(Q^{2})/F_{1}(Q^{2})$ shocked the community by disobeying expectations held for 50 years. We examine the status of perturbative QCD predictions for helicity-flip form factors. Contrary to common belief, we find there is no rule of hadron helicity conservation for form factors. Instead the analysis yields an inequality that the leading power of helicity-flip processes may equal or exceed the power of helicity conserving processes. Numerical calculations support the rule, and extend the result to the regime of laboratory momentum transfer $Q^{2}$. Quark orbital angular momentum, an important feature of the helicity flip processes, may play a role in all form factors at large $Q^{2}$, depending on the quark wave functions.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure