Lower Eocene sedimentary succession and microfossil biostratigraphy in the central northern Caucasus basin

The lower Eocene sediments from the classical Paleogene section exposed along the Kheu River, northern Caucasus, southern Russia are here studied. This ca. 50m thick succession is lithologically contrasting: the lower and upper parts are composed by soft marls separated by a thick Radiolaria-rich unit of non-calcareous and low-calcareous mudstones with intercalations of compact cherty layers. According to nannofossil and dinocyst biostratigraphy, the unique intercalation of Total Organic Carbon (TOC)-rich sediment (sapropelitic bed) in the lower part of the lower Eocene correspond to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and a series of sapropelitic interlayers in the upper marly part of the lower Eocene succession correlates with the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The study of nannofossil and dinocyst assemblages enabled detailed zonal subdivision and first-order calibration of nannofossil and dinocyst bio-events during this time-span. The studied interval of the section embraces the complete succession of nannofossil zones NP9-NP13 of Martini, 1971, CP8-CP11 of Okada and Bukry, 1980 and CNP11-CNE5 of Agnini et al., 2014. By means of dinocyst stratigraphy, the succession of Apectodinium hyperacanthum, Axiodinium augustum, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Dracodinium astra, Stenodinium meckelfeldense, Dracodinium varielongitudum, Ochetodinium romanum/Samlandia chlamydophora and Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum zones are identified in the Ypresian part of the Kheu section

Profiling functions application for layered dielectric filter synthesys problem statement

A novel mathematical apparatus allowing formulation and justification of a new approach towards the setting of the mathematical problem of band-pass layered dielectric filters (LDF) synthesis is developed. Аrbitrary layered dielectric systems with piecewise continuous physical media parameters given by the functions of dielectric permittivity and of magnetic permeability, both depending on the coordinate along the normal to the layer pile, with fixed discontinuity points of at least one of the mentioned functions are examined. For such systems, an important conservation law for the difference of the squares of absolute amplitude values of plane waves propagating left and right in given layered medium is stated, which further leads to the traditional energy conservation law in lossless layered media. This new identity law allows turning from synthesis problems in terms of fractional rational energy reflectivity and transmittance of layered systems to equivalent tasks for profiling functions introduced in the work, representing only the numerator or only the denominator of the expressions usually considered in the synthesis. A new concept of the feasible ideal is introduced for the energy coefficients of reflection and transmission of layered systems. It is shown that the feasibility of the energy coefficients of reflection and transmission of layered systems is equivalent to the feasibility of the profiling functions of such systems, which together with the main identity allows a significant change of the existing LDF synthesis approach. The rule for converting the ideal of the reflection or transmission coefficient into the ideal of the profiling function is given. The proposed synthesis problem statement leads to considerably less intensive computational procedures

Lower Eocene sedimentary succession and microfossil biostratigraphy in the central northern Caucasus basin

The lower Eocene sediments from the classical Paleogene section exposed along the Kheu River, northern Caucasus, southern Russia are here studied. This ca. 50m thick succession is lithologically contrasting: the lower and upper parts are composed by soft marls separated by a thick Radiolaria-rich unit of non-calcareous and low-calcareous mudstones with intercalations of compact cherty layers. According to nannofossil and dinocyst biostratigraphy, the unique intercalation of Total Organic Carbon (TOC)-rich sediment (sapropelitic bed) in the lower part of the lower Eocene correspond to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and a series of sapropelitic interlayers in the upper marly part of the lower Eocene succession correlates with the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The study of nannofossil and dinocyst assemblages enabled detailed zonal subdivision and first-order calibration of nannofossil and dinocyst bio-events during this time-span. The studied interval of the section embraces the complete succession of nannofossil zones NP9-NP13 of Martini, 1971, CP8-CP11 of Okada and Bukry, 1980 and CNP11-CNE5 of Agnini et al., 2014. By means of dinocyst stratigraphy, the succession of Apectodinium hyperacanthum, Axiodinium augustum, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Dracodinium astra, Stenodinium meckelfeldense, Dracodinium varielongitudum, Ochetodinium romanum/Samlandia chlamydophora and Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum zones are identified in the Ypresian part of the Kheu section