Promoting Progress with Fair Use

The Intellectual Property (IP) Clause provides that Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries. In the realm of copyright, Congress and the courts have interpreted the clause as granting Congress a power not to promote progress but to establish limited IP monopolies. To return to an understanding of the IP power better grounded in the constitutional text, Congress and the courts should ensure that any IP enactment promote[s] ... Progress by considering whether it improves the quality or quantity of knowledge and aids the dissemination of knowledge, and whether it does so better than prior IP enactments. The courts can exercise the fair-use doctrine to aid in this re-constitutionalization of IP law by applying a fifth fair-use factor. This proposed fifth factor would balance the progress-promoting value of the alleged infringer\u27s use against the progress-promoting value of enforcing the copyright holder\u27s rights. Reviewing courts should presume that any alleged infringement is fair if it promotes progress better than the enforcement of the copyright

Method and apparatus for detection and location of microleaks Patent

Microleak detector mounted on weld seam of propellant tank of launch vehicl

The b iosynthesis of histidine: imidazoleglycerol phosphate, imidazoleacteol phosphate, and histidinol phosphate

This is a report on the isolation and characterization of D-erythro-imidazoleglycerol phosphate (IGP), imidazoleacetol phosphate (IAP), and L-histidinol phosphate, which are accumulated in the mycelia of several of these mutants

Dementia, music and biometric gaming: Rising to the Dementia Challenge

In 2012, the U.K. government launched its Dementia Challenge, authorizing additional funding for dementia research and health care. The search for curative medicines is ongoing, but scientific research reveals evidence that music can play a positive role in general health, and in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in particular. This article considers whether some of the challenges that dementia presents could be addressed through music therapy and proposes that biometric gaming might offer one means of channeling such associated health benefits to sufferers of dementia, even in the final stages of the disease

A Shotgun Model for Gamma Ray Bursts

We propose that gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by a shower of heavy blobs running into circumstellar material at highly relativistic speeds. The gamma ray emission is produced in the shocks these bullets drive into the surrounding medium. The short term variability seen in GRBs is set by the slowing-down time of the bullets while the overall duration of the burst is set by the lifetime of the central engine. A requirement of this model is that the ambient medium be dense, consistent with a strong stellar wind. The efficiency of the burst can be relatively high.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revised version accepted by ApJ Letter

Australian Organic Market Report 2010

This is the second report the Biological Farmers of Australia has commissioned to help industry bench mark the growth and health of its sectors. This report - another significant milestone in the two decade plus history of the rapidly developing Australian certified organic sector - builds the information base for industry to benchmark production and market value against past and current claims and estimates and will enable monitoring of future growth of the certified organic market in Australia and its farming and production base. In an industry characterised by operational diversity, this report allows for performance assessment by sector. The next publication in this series is planned in 2012 (biennial since the inaugural report in 2008) as a means of providing the wider industry with invaluable and realistic market information

The construction of saturated 2Rk-p designs

Combinatorial and sequential analyses for optimization of saturated design