Dual resonance element for broadband reflectarray antenna

A dual resonance reflectarray unit cell element has been proposed which evolved from a square patch element to enhance its bandwidth performance. A bend in the width of the element is used to modify its dimensions and surface currents for broadband operation. The results have been analyzed in the frequency band of 24 GHz to 28 GHz. Two different combinations of its dimensions are selected for the investigating of its various performance parameters. A maximum static phase range of 432° and 255° have been obtained with selected dimensions. The wide-band features of proposed unit cell element can be used particularly to design a broadband reflectarray antenna for future fast communication systems

Extracting carbon emission for industrial area by using landsat 8: case study of Klang, Malaysia

Industrial area attributed to 235.6% carbon emissions increase from 1990 to 2005. In 2009 Malaysia announced a voluntary commitment to reduce 40% of its greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by 2020. The study aims to extract the carbon emission by industrial area using Landsat 8 processed through Land Surface Temperature (LST) data in quantifying carbon. The data required are obtained from the Sniffer4D drone, Landsat 8 LST and Department of Environment (DOE) data, which were analysed through comparative and statistical analysis. The findings showed that the high correlation of Site A, (= 0.7403) Site B, (= 0.607) and Site C, (= 0.0026) strength between data from the drone and satellite data. As a results, that band11 Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 2 in Landsat 8 can be used for extracting carbon value estimation and band 10 Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 1 for the measurement of the air temperature. These findings can assist in terms of calculating carbon emission using LST and determine the high concentration industrial carbon emission hence it can help in decision making in further industry area development

Isolation of bioflocculant-producing bacteria from Penaeus vannamei ponds for the production of extracellular polymeric substances

Bioflocculants are essential polymers with their flocculating activity depending on the characteristics of the secreted flocculants by bioflocculant-producing bacteria. However, the characteristics of bioflocculant produced by microorganisms were not investigated profoundly. In order to better understand these characteristics, determination of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from bioflocculant-producing bacteria were characterized in terms of protein concentrations. A total of 51 bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolates were screened from Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei culture ponds in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Screening of bioflocculant-producing bacteria were conducted through morphological approaches followed by protein extraction using Lowry assay method. The identified bioflocculant-producing bacteria includes Corynebacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Lactobacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio spp., Neisseria sp., Serratia sp. and Yersinia sp., with the highest protein concentration of 829 mg mL-1 were attained by Staphylococcus sp. The various amounts of EPS concentration produced by different species of bacteria were dependent on their specific population growth and growth rate. Therefore, the establishment of bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from biofloc which showed high tendency for EPS production were performed successfully

3D Image Plane from Stereo Camera Calibration on Extrinsic Parameters in Stereo Vision Aplication

This paper presents a 3D image plane in a group of target or image during the process of stereo pair calibration. The extrinsic parameters of camera calibration can be viewed in 3D image or scene which contains the rotation and translation of vector. The error re-projection of a single image could determine the less error of distortion during the extraction of chessboard corner each image taken. The distortion model also generates an error coordinate system in pixel value. The 3D image will viewed the result and output of extrinsic parameters during the calibration process.

Upscaling remote estimation on relative abundance of chengal trees in tropical rainforest using modified canopy fractional cover (mCFC) approach

Forest degradation and deforestation is crucial to be monitored. Thus, aggressive sustainable forest management is needed. Tree species composition estimations at large spatial scale is crucial to achieve sustainable forest management and monitor forest degradation and deforestation occurrences. Thus, monitoring by using remotely sensed data would be helpful to cover large spatial extend of tropical rainforest. However, due to coarse spatial resolution the estimation of tree species composition nearly impossible due to mixing pixel problem. Nonetheless, utilizing modified Canopy Fractional Cover (mCFC) would help to overcome mixing pixels in coarse spatial resolution satellite data. Accuracy of the results suggest that mCFC is suitable to be utilized for estimating relative abundance of Chengal at large extend area

Development of Porous PCL Based Microcarrier

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been used for cell cultivation due to its biocompatibility. PCL microcarrier featuring microporous structure were generated in the present study. PCL-based porous microcarrier was fabricated with different parameters by using emulsion evaporation method. From the study, size distribution of the microcarrier and the size of pore generated on microcarrier were affected by most of the parameters tested such as sterring speed, PVA concentration, camphene concentration, temperature and ratio between PCL and solvent.  Optimum pore size was generated at 20% camphene concentration with the average size of 11.74 µm which is conducive for cells to attached and populated well within the pores.  The surface properties of developed porous can be improved for potential application in cell culture research and development, as well as in tissue engineering

Evaluation of meat and meat product oxidation and off-flavor formation: Managing oxidative changes

One of the primary issues with processed foods during heat treatment and freezing storage is fat oxidation, which causes significant changes in fats due to their interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). This interaction leads to the creation of various aldehydes that have a high affinity for large molecules, such as proteins, leading to the formation of final products of advanced oxidation processes that contribute to food spoilage. Co-oxidation can also result in extensive damage. Another problem affecting the quality and nutritional value of meat products is protein oxidation, which can occur during storage via freezing and thawing or as a result of heat treatment. Heat treatment can cause physical and chemical changes, such as the loss of some essential amino acids and the transformation of certain amino acids into carbonyl compounds via various mechanisms. Protein oxidation is indicated by the accumulation of these carbonyl compounds, and the heat treatment can lead to the denaturation of myoglobin, which is responsible for the brown color of cooked meat and is influenced by several factors. Active protein aggregates can interact with the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and with carbohydrate glycation or glycoxidation to produce Maillard products. It is critical to understand the oxidative changes that occur in fats and proteins in food, particularly in meat products, since these components are among the primary constituents of food.One of the primary issues with processed foods during heat treatment and freezing storage is fat oxidation, which causes significant changes in fats due to their interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). This interaction leads to the creation of various aldehydes that have a high affinity for large molecules, such as proteins, leading to the formation of final products of advanced oxidation processes that contribute to food spoilage. Co-oxidation can also result in extensive damage. Another problem affecting the quality and nutritional value of meat products is protein oxidation, which can occur during storage via freezing and thawing or as a result of heat treatment. Heat treatment can cause physical and chemical changes, such as the loss of some essential amino acids and the transformation of certain amino acids into carbonyl compounds via various mechanisms. Protein oxidation is indicated by the accumulation of these carbonyl compounds, and the heat treatment can lead to the denaturation of myoglobin, which is responsible for the brown color of cooked meat and is influenced by several factors. Active protein aggregates can interact with the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and with carbohydrate glycation or glycoxidation to produce Maillard products. It is critical to understand the oxidative changes that occur in fats and proteins in food, particularly in meat products, since these components are among the primary constituents of food

Smart Localization and Detection System for School Children

The lack of parental supervision in the past few years, contributes to the increasing number of crime against children. Many cases of missing children are reported by PDRM every year and have become a vital concern to the society. Hence, this paper presents a smart localization and detection system for school children to overcome the issues of missing children. The proposed system is implemented for tracking and notifying the location of the children using SIM908 Global Positioning System (GPS) Module with Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technologies and Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board. The module kit is placed inside the children’s school bag while they are going to school. The children positioning information is sent through GSM to the parent’s smartphone via Short Message service (SMS) that is linked to Google Map. It allows parents to know their children location on a real-time map. Thus, it can help the parents to monitor their children everywhere. The proposed system is proven to be efficient, reliable and low cost

Surface modification of polycaprolactone (PCL) microcarrier for performance improvement of human skin fibroblast cell culture

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has many advantages for use in biomedical engineering field. In the present work PCL microcarriers of 150-200 µm were fabricated using oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification coupled with solvent evaporation method. The surface charge of PCL microcarrier was then been improved by using ultraviolet/ozone treatment to introduce oxygen functional group. Immobilisation of gelatin onto PCL microspheres using zero-length crosslinker provides a stable protein-support complex, with no diffusional barrier which is ideal for mass processing. The optimum concentration of carboxyl group (COOH) absorbed on the surface was 1495.9 nmol/g and the amount of gelatin immobilized was 1797.3 µg/g on UV/O3 treated microcarriers as compared to the untreated (320 µg/g) microcarriers. The absorption of functional oxygen groups on the surface and the immobilized gelatin was confirmed with the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and the enhancement of hydrophilicity of the surface was confirmed using water contact angle measurement which decreased (86.93o – 49.34o) after UV/O3 treatment and subsequently after immobilisation of gelatin. The attachment and growth kinetics for human skin fibroblast cell (HSFC) showed that adhesion occurred much more rapidly for gelatin immobilised surface as compared to untreated PCL and UV/O3 PCL microcarrier