40 research outputs found
Identifying the factors that contribute to sustainable development of the national economy
The structural imbalance is the main problem hindering the development of the Russian national economy. It leads to significant difference in economic efficiency of various industrial sectors. Moreover, the structural imbalance adversely affects the interaction between industries and hampers to foster an enabling environment that would accelerate economic growth consistent with the principles of sustainable development. The right balance between economic sectors provides favorable conditions for a successful interaction between industries.
The article suggests the methodology intended to identify the factors contributing to sustainable development of the national economy, to assess the status of the economy as well as to estimate the dynamics of economic growth. The methodology is a promising approach building a network of interactions between different industries to deepen the diversification of economic sectors. The authors propose a set of indicators - indicators of economic imbalances - that allow, based on primary statistical data, to quantitatively determine the degree of difference and the changing dynamics in economic, financial, technological and social characteristics of several economic sectors.
The paper details the developed system of monitoring and multi-criteria evaluation of growth in several economic sectors. The system makes it possible to estimate key factors affecting sustainable development of the economy as well as to get the right diagnosis of economic processes that shape the sectoral structure of the Russian economy.peer-reviewe
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
The subject of the study is new technologies for managing industrial innovation funding. The aim of the article is to form an optimal mechanism for the application of technologies for managing industrial innovation funding based on the use of new financial instruments. The relevance of the research is due to the increasing role of innovation in ensuring competitive advantages and market stability of industrial enterprises, as well as the growing need to attract funding. The scientific novelty consists in grouping the existing financing technologies into three main groups: traditional, modern and new. The research methods are analysis, systematization, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling. The authors built a model of the mutual influence of innovative industrial development and the subsequent development of financing technologies in the financial sector. In the course of the study, the author obtained the following results: a mechanism for applying new technologies to manage innovation funding was developed, a priority financial instrument was identified for use within the framework of the developed mechanism. The authors conclude that the role of digital technologies in the activities of an industrial enterprise and, accordingly, in innovation funding is increasing. At the same time, the activities of an enterprise in attracting resources by issuing digital securities (shares) to finance innovations are of the greatest practical interest.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ, ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯, Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ
The contemporary socio-economic and scientific-technological development is characterized by globalization, integration of economies, rapid movement of goods, services, people, capital and ideas. The transition to the sixth techno-economic paradigm is now in progress. Given that the techno-economic paradigm is represented by mastered breakthrough technologies, innovations and inventions, the development of scientific and technical progress, the cognitive and creative human component of technological processes along with the intellectualization of the main production factors are becoming the determining development factors.The knowledge-based economy is the one that creates, disseminates, and makes use of knowledge to ensure economic growth and competitiveness. This is an economy in which knowledge enriches all industries, all sectors and all participants of the economic processes. The main effect of the knowledge-based economy is its widespread utilization by all industries and sectors rather than just high-tech product manufacturing. Important in the knowledge-based economy is not so much creation of new knowledge as efficient application of the latter. The innovative development strategy of the country is based on realization of the human potential, more effective application of knowledge and skills of people to continuously improve the technology, economic performance and life of society as a whole. The transition to the innovative way of development is characterized primarily by investment in the human capital. Product, process and strategy innovations are objects of innovative management. Priority management segments are being developed in the search of additional sources to increase the profitability of companies ranging from financial and customer relations management to quality and knowledge management. The creative potential of employees increasingly ensures the competitive edge of a company. The paper addresses current aspects of the knowledge-based economy development, organizational and managerial innovation, the relationship between generation of innovations and effective knowledge management in a company as well as problems of producing innovatorsΒ β leaders of changes in the innovation economy.Β Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΒ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ², Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π²Β ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Β Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Β Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, β Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΒ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π». ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΒ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΒ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Β ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Β β Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π²Β ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅.
THE INNOVATIONSβ MONITORING IN THE DEVELOPED ECONOMIES: THE SYSTEMS OF INDICATORS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN RUSSIA
Relevance. Further to the postindustrial transition and the Forth Industrial revolution challenges operating nowadays in the world the Russian federation leaders task the nation to provide intensive innovation development of the economy and society with the effective administration of the process. The fulfillment requires toapply to such a praxis in the developed economies with the advanced manufacturing. Research object. The paper provides the analysis of the innovative activity indicators systems of the three developed economies leading in the world for a long time in manufacturing as well as in the novelties production and commercialization spheres, i.e. USA, Japan and Germany. Herewith the main principles of the systemsβ formulation, bases to select their particular indicators has been determined, the element composition analyzed and their structures compared. Methods. To solve the task various research instruments have been applied: the system analysis, the content analysis, the comparative one and others. The institutional and evolutional theories and the modern political-economic approaches constituted the methodological basis of the research. Results. The operation of the research facilitated the determination of the perspective approaches to form the systems of innovation activity indicators there to be applied and?\?or adapted in Russia and the recommendation to make use of these. The comparative analysis realized manifested different variants of the systemβ structures with such bases and facilitated the elaboration their typology further to the modes of the indicatorsβ grouping, their factors of influence and the presence?\?absence of the synthesizing indicator. The conclusions served for the recommendations to use some principles and methods of the foreign systems of innovation activity indicatorsβ constitution. Prospects. The immediate perspective of the research realized if the practical application of the deductions made, the theoretical conceptualization of the results obtained and the determination of the opportunities the systems to refine further on
PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY
The article is devoted to the substantiation of the model of the formation of an industrial development ecosystem based on modern digital technologies in industry.The article deals with the problems of technological sovereignty of the Russian economy. It is shown that the solution of this problem is possible only on the basis of an industrial development ecosystem β a system of production chains of the most important types of industrial products, a technological development platform, interaction of subjects of industrial production with consumers of its products in the domestic and foreign markets. The necessity of concentration of industrial potential, resources of technological development, qualified personnel potential and direction to create conditions for providing the Russian economy with products corresponding to the world technological level is shown. The article analyzes the main existing and promising models of the functioning of an industrial enterprise. A detailed description of the barriers and difficulties on the way of digitalization of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation is given.In order to form the ecosystem of industrial development of the Russian Federation, the directions of identifying and assessing the state of production and technological personnel potential, its compliance with the needs of the domestic market are formulated. Recommendations are given on the creation of an ecosystem structure, mechanisms for the interaction of its various elements, a management and coordination system based on digital technologies for creating a system of individual elements that form information and analytical centers in various functional areas of the ecosystem.A model of the ecosystem of industrial and technological development of the Russian economy based on digital technologies is proposed.A set of mechanisms that contribute to reducing the level of uncertainty is proposed, and a design method of interaction within the framework of the digital industrial enterprise technology platform model is described.The article formulates recommendations for the digitalization of an industrial enterprise in the new technological conditions of economic and social development, in the so-called new technological paradigm βIndustry 4.0β, the characteristic features of which are minimal use of manual and mechanized labor, as well as a low level of transaction costs.A new approach is proposed, on the basis of which industrial enterprises will interact on the basis of shared access to information and digital resources and the ability to combine the development of innovative projects and value chains necessary to create competitive products in order to increase the operational efficiency of enterprises
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²
The object of the study is the valuation and commercialization of digital intellectual assets. The subject of the study is a conceptual model for assessing the value of digital intellectual assets, reflecting the regulatory framework, objects, subjects, principles, approaches and methods of evaluation involved in civil turnover. The relevance of the study is related to the development of the digital economy and emerging new types of digital assets, including digital intellectual assets, which require their identification and the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for valuation. The purpose of the study is to build a conceptual model for estimating the value of digital intellectual assets for subsequent commercialization with consideration of the identified identification characteristics, substantiated principles, factors, approaches and methodological tools. The methods of comparative analysis, generalization, classification, logical, semantic and functional modeling, cost estimation are used in the paper. The trends of digitalization of the economy are analyzed, the identification features of digital intellectual assets are determined based on the study of the concepts of βdigital assetβ, βintellectual assetβ, βobject of valuationβ. A semantic model of the valuation of digital intellectual assets is proposed, illustrating the relationship of its conceptual elements. A process-functional model for estimating the value of digital intellectual assets in IDEF0 notation is constructed. It is concluded that digital intellectual assets as objects of valuation in the conditions of the current regulatory regulation are: 1) the results of intellectual activity created with the use of digital technologies, for which digital rights are fixed in the information system in the form of NFT tokens; 2) digital rights to use intellectual property objects that exist in digital or other forms. Their cost can be determined by the method of analogues, the method of discounted cash flows or the cost of creation method, depending on the purpose of the assessment, the identified factors and taking into account the principles of evaluation.ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Β ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Β ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Β«ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Β», Β«ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Β», Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΒ». ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ IDEF0. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ: 1) ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ NFT-ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²; 2) ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
The article presents the results of a research of the principles, methods and models for discovery of crises in the economy in the early stages. The increase in the intensity of interaction of economic agents and increase the speed of information exchange and transactions frequency create preconditions not only for accelerating growth but also for the overheating of the economy with subsequent state of crisis.Β The relevance and importance of the work justifies increasing frequency, as global economic crises and crises of assets, and in opportunities of a statistically sound forecasting of development of crisis processes in the securities market. The object of the study was the crisis situation of the individual assets, as well as methods of detecting the crisis at an early stage.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
. Π ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ
MULTIVARIATE MODEL OF ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
A multifactor mathematical model for analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness of socio-economic systems has been developed. A review of the definitions of the concept of competitiveness used by various international institutions. According to the results of the review, the concepts of competitiveness, used in the present work, were formulated to identify the factors affecting it. A methodology for assessing competitiveness has been developed based on the analysis of the influence of four factors on it, characterized by 32 statistical indicators and corresponding significance indices. For the practical implementation of this technique developed a mathematical model. We analyzed the competitiveness of six regions of the Federation, representing six federal districts. The main directions of improving competitiveness for each subject of the Federation
THE TARGET INDICATORS OF THE ELEVATION OF COMPETITIVENESS OF MANUFACTURING BRANCHES IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The elevation of competitiveness of the Russian manufacturing is of the key problems of the long-term national economic development. Further to this the βThe Development and the Enhance of Competitiveness of the Industryβ State Program of Russian Federation has been accepted and is executing. The paper analyses the changes of competitiveness indicators for various branches of manufacturing after the Program. It arguments their loose relationship with the competitiveness elevation objectives and provides an alternative approach of the authors to apprise the competitiveness of Russian manufacturing sectors and a classification of commodity groups of industrial goods basis their foreign market competitiveness
ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΒ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ₯: Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΒ ΠΠ₯Β ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΒ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ
Relevance. Further to the postindustrial transition and the Forth Industrial revolution challenges operating nowadays in the world the Russian federation leaders task the nation to provide intensive innovation development of the economy and society with the effective administration of the process. The fulfillment requires toapply to such a praxis in the developed economies with the advanced manufacturing. Research object. The paper provides the analysis of the innovative activity indicators systems of the three developed economies leading in the world for a long time in manufacturing as well as in the novelties production and commercialization spheres, i.e. USA, Japan and Germany. Herewith the main principles of the systemsβ formulation, bases to select their particular indicators has been determined, the element composition analyzed and their structures compared. Methods. To solve the task various research instruments have been applied: the system analysis, the content analysis, the comparative one and others. The institutional and evolutional theories and the modern political-economic approaches constituted the methodological basis of the research. Results. The operation of the research facilitated the determination of the perspective approaches to form the systems of innovation activity indicators there to be applied and?\?or adapted in Russia and the recommendation to make use of these. The comparative analysis realized manifested different variants of the systemβ structures with such bases and facilitated the elaboration their typology further to the modes of the indicatorsβ grouping, their factors of influence and the presence?\?absence of the synthesizing indicator. The conclusions served for the recommendations to use some principles and methods of the foreign systems of innovation activity indicatorsβ constitution. Prospects. The immediate perspective of the research realized if the practical application of the deductions made, the theoretical conceptualization of the results obtained and the determination of the opportunities the systems to refine further on.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΒ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Β ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Β Π‘Π¨Π, Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΒ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ /?ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Β ΠΈΡ
Β Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ