Structural basis for the extended CAP-Gly domains of p150(glued) binding to microtubules and the implication for tubulin dynamics

p150(glued) belongs to a group of proteins accumulating at microtubule plus ends (+TIPs). It plays a key role in initiating retrograde transport by recruiting and tethering endosomes and dynein to microtubules. p150(glued) contains an N-terminal microtubule-binding cytoskeleton-associated protein glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) domain that accelerates tubulin polymerization. Although this copolymerization is well-studied using light microscopic techniques, structural consequences of this interaction are elusive. Here, using electron-microscopic and spectroscopic approaches, we provide a detailed structural view of p150(glued) CAP-Gly binding to microtubules and tubulin. Cryo-EM 3D reconstructions of p150(glued)-CAP-Gly complexed with microtubules revealed the recognition of the microtubule surface, including tubulin C-terminal tails by CAP-Gly. These binding surfaces differ from other retrograde initiation proteins like EB1 or dynein, which could facilitate the simultaneous attachment of all accessory components. Furthermore, the CAP-Gly domain, with its basic extensions, facilitates lateral and longitudinal interactions of tubulin molecules by covering the tubulin acidic tails. This shielding effect of CAP-Gly and its basic extensions may provide a molecular basis of the roles of p150(glued) in microtubule dynamics

Efficacy of imagery rescripting and imaginal exposure for nightmares:A randomized wait-list controlled trial

Nightmares can be effectively treated with cognitive-behavioral therapies. Though it remains elusive which therapeutic elements are responsible for the beneficial effects on nightmare symptoms, imagery rescripting (IR) and imaginal exposure (IE) are commonly identified as active treatment components of nightmare therapies. With this randomized controlled trial, we compared IR and IE as individual treatments to a wait-list (WL) condition to determine whether these particular therapeutic elements ameliorate nightmare symptoms. For this purpose, 104 patients with a primary DSM-5 diagnosis of nightmare disorder were randomly assigned to three weekly individual sessions of either IR or IE, or WL. Results showed that compared to WL, both interventions effectively reduced nightmare frequency (ΔdIR-WL = 0.74; ΔdIE-WL = 0.70) and distress (ΔdIR-WL = 0.98; ΔdIE-WL = 1.35) in a sample that predominantly consisted of idiopathic nightmare sufferers. The effects of IR and IE were comparable to those observed for other psychological nightmare treatments. Initial effects at post-treatment were sustained at 3- and 6-months follow-up, indicating that IR and IE both seem to be efficacious treatment components of nightmare therapies. Additional research is needed to directly compare IR and IE among both idiographic and posttraumatic nightmare sufferers with respect to treatment expectancy, acceptability, and effectiveness

The Geoff Egan Memorial Lecture 2011. Artefacts, art and artifice: reconsidering iconographic sources for archaeological objects in early modern Europe

A first systematic analysis of historic domestic material culture depicted in contemporaneous Western painting and prints, c.1400-1800. Drawing on an extensive data set, the paper proposes to methodologies and hermeneutics for historical analysis and archaeological correspondence

Ordered groupoids and the holomorph of an inverse semigroup

We present a construction for the holomorph of an inverse semigroup, derived from the cartesian closed structure of the category of ordered groupoids. We compare the holomorph with the monoid of mappings that preserve the ternary heap operation on an inverse semigroup: for groups these two constructions coincide. We present detailed calculations for semilattices of groups and for the polycyclic monoids.Comment: 16 page

Cosmic polarimetry in magnetoactive plasmas

Polarimetry of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) represents one of the possible diagnostics aimed at testing large-scale magnetism at the epoch of the photon decoupling. The propagation of electromagnetic disturbances in a magnetized plasma leads naturally to a B-mode polarization whose angular power spectrum is hereby computed both analytically and numerically. Combined analyses of all the publicly available data on the B-mode polarization are presented, for the first time, in the light of the magnetized $\Lambda$CDM scenario. Novel constraints on pre-equality magnetism are also derived in view of the current and expected sensitivities to the B-mode polarization.Comment: 34 pages, 13 figure