Изучение взаимосвязей агрохимических показателей почв с видовым составом растений некоторых участков дельты реки Лены, Северная Якутия

In connection with climate change and the development of natural resources in the Arctic, increasingly relevant is the problem of revealing the response of tundra vegetation to various natural and anthropogenic impacts, as well as the search for indicators for developing a system of monitoring the state of ecosystems in the Far North. The aim of this work was to describe the floristic composition and structure of plant communities, as well as to search for relationships between agrochemical indicators of soils and the species composition of plants in certain key sites of the Lena River Delta. A total of ten key sites of the Lena delta were studied. Agrochemical analysis of the soil samples was performed using standard methods. The content of biogenic and abiogenic elements was measured using an emission spectrometer. The relationship between the soil parameters and floristic composition was studied using cluster analysis. It was shown that the clustering of sites by standard agrochemical indicators was weakly expressed, while in terms of the content of elements in the mineralized samples and in water extracts the sites were grouped into two clusters at the level of 40 %÷60 % of the differences. The clustering of sites by plant species composition was very weak, and it was not possible to identify clusters with high or medium level of similarity, nor was it possible to detect similarity between cluster diagrams constructed by soil parameters and by plant species composition. As a result of the study, it is shown that the species composition of vascular plants weakly correlates with the properties of the soils of the key sites. The individual features identified manifest themselves in the form of trends and no clear patterns of interrelation of vegetation and soil parameters are discerned.В связи с изменением климата и освоением природных ресурсов Арктики все более актуальной становится проблема выявления ответной реакции тундровой растительности на различные природные и антропогенные воздействия, а также поиск индикаторов для разработки системы мониторинга состояния экосистем Крайнего Севера. Целью данной работы было описание флористического состава и строения растительных сообществ, а также поиск взаимосвязей между агрохимическими показателями почв и видовым составом растений на отдельных ключевых участках дельты реки Лены. Всего было изучено десять ключевых участков дельты Лены. Агрохимический анализ образцов почв был изучен стандартными методами. Содержание биогенных и абиогенных элементов измеряли с помощью эмиссионного спектрометра. Взаимосвязь между показателями почв и флористическим составом выявляли с помощью кластерного анализа. Было показано, что кластеризация участков по стандартным агрохимическим показателям была выражена слабо, тогда как по содержанию элементов в минерализованных образцах и в водных вытяжках участки группировались в два кластера на уровне 40÷60 % различий. Кластеризация участков по видовому составу растений была выражена очень слабо, и выявить кластеры с высоким или средним уровнем сходства не удалось, так же как не удалось обнаружить сходства кластерных диаграмм, построенных по почвенным параметрам и по видовому составу растений. В результате проведенного исследования показано, что видовой состав сосудистых растений слабо коррелировал со свойствами почв ключевых участков. Выявленные отдельные особенности проявлялись в виде тенденций, и четких закономерностей взаимосвязи растительного покрова и показателей почв не прослеживалось

Generalized Chaotic Synchronizationin Coupled Ginzburg-Landau Equations

Generalized synchronization is analyzed in unidirectionally coupled oscillatory systems exhibiting spatiotemporal chaotic behavior described by Ginzburg-Landau equations. Several types of coupling betweenthe systems are analyzed. The largest spatial Lyapunov exponent is proposed as a new characteristic of the state of a distributed system, and its calculation is described for a distributed oscillatory system. Partial generalized synchronization is introduced as a new type of chaotic synchronization in spatially nonuniform distributed systems. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization in spatially distributed oscillatory systems are elucidated. It is shown that the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization is described by a modified Ginzburg-Landau equation with additional dissipation irrespective of the type of coupling. The effect of noise on the onset of a generalized synchronization regime in coupled distributed systems is analyzed.Comment: 12 page

Watch me grow integrated (WMG-I): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a web-based surveillance approach for developmental screening in primary care settings

Introduction The increasing prevalence of developmental disorders in early childhood poses a significant global health burden. Early detection of developmental problems is vital to ensure timely access to early intervention, and universal developmental surveillance is recommended best practice for identifying issues. Despite this, there is currently considerable variation in developmental surveillance and screening between Australian states and territories and low rates of developmental screening uptake by parents. This study aims to evaluate an innovative web-based developmental surveillance programme and a sustainable approach to referral and care pathways, linking primary care general practice (GP) services that fall under federal policy responsibility and state government-funded child health services. Methods and analysis The proposed study describes a longitudinal cluster randomised controlled trial (c-RCT) comparing a â € Watch Me Grow Integrated' (WMG-I) approach for developmental screening, to Surveillance as Usual (SaU) in GPs. Forty practices will be recruited across New South Wales and Queensland, and randomly allocated into either the (1) WMG-I or (2) SaU group. A cohort of 2000 children will be recruited during their 18-month vaccination visit or opportunistic visit to GP. At the end of the c-RCT, a qualitative study using focus groups/interviews will evaluate parent and practitioner views of the WMG-I programme and inform national and state policy recommendations. Ethics and dissemination The South Western Sydney Local Health District (2020/ETH01625), UNSW Sydney (2020/ETH01625) and University of Queensland (2021/HE000667) Human Research Ethics Committees independently reviewed and approved this study. Findings will be reported to the funding bodies, study institutes and partners; families and peer-reviewed conferences/publications

Molecular cytogenetics (FISH, GISH) of Coccinia grandis: A ca. 3 myr-old species of Cucurbitaceae with the largest Y/autosome divergence in flowering plants

The independent evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in 19 species from 4 families of flowering plants permits studying X/Y divergence after the initial recombination suppression. Here, we document autosome/Y divergence in the tropical Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis, which is ca. 3 myr old. Karyotyping and C-value measurements show that the C. grandis Y chromosome has twice the size of any of the other chromosomes, with a male/female C-value difference of 0.094 pg or 10% of the total genome. FISH staining revealed 5S and 45S rDNA sites on autosomes but not on the Y chromosome, making it unlikely that rDNA contributed to the elongation of the Y chromosome; recent end-to-end fusion also seems unlikely given the lack of interstitial telomeric signals. GISH with different concentrations of female blocking DNA detected a possible pseudo-autosomal region on the Y chromosome, and C-banding suggests that the entire Y chromosome in C. grandis is heterochromatic. During meiosis, there is an end-to-end connection between the X and the Y chromosome, but the X does not otherwise differ from the remaining chromosomes. These findings and a review of plants with heteromorphic sex chromosomes reveal no relationship between species age and degree of sex chromosome dimorphism. Its relatively small genome size (0.943 pg/2C in males), large Y chromosome, and phylogenetic proximity to the fully sequenced Cucumis sativus make C. grandis a promising model to study sex chromosome evolution. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАКОМ ПОЧКИ ПОСЛЕ ЭНДОВИДЕОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ РАДИКАЛЬНОЙ НЕФРЭКТОМИИ И РЕЗЕКЦИИ ПОЧКИ

The results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 48 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Out of them, 31 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LNE), 17 had laparoscopic renal resection (LRR). The mean follow-up period was 34.4 months with a standard deviation of ± 17 months).Our presented series of 17 LRR and 31 LNE cases is comparable with the similar series described in the world literature in terms of surgical parameters, safety, and efficiency. The results of surgical treatment are objectively close to those of virtually complete cure. The wide introduction of organ-sparing surgical procedures is urgent for patients with T1a-bN0M0 RCC.Выполнен анализ результатов оперативного лечения 48 пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком (ПКР). Из них 31 больному была выполнена лапароскопическая нефрэктомия (ЛНЭ), 17 больным – лапароскопическая резекция почки (ЛРП). Среднее время наблюдения за больными составило 34,4 мес (стандартное отклонение ± 17 мес).Представленная нами серия из 17 случаев ЛРП и 31 случая ЛНЭ сопоставима в отношении хирургических показателей, безопасности и эффективности с аналогичными сериями, описанными в мировой литературе. Результаты хирургического лечения объективно близки к практически полному излечению. Для больных ПКР на стадии T1a–bN0M0 актуальным является вопрос о широком внедрении органосохраняющих способов хирургического лечения

Chromosome landmarks and autosome-sex chromosome translocations in Rumex hastatulus, a plant with XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system

Rumex hastatulus is the North American endemic dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. It is differentiated into two chromosomal races: Texas (T) race characterised by a simple XX/XY sex chromosome system and North Carolina (NC) race with a polymorphic XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system. The gross karyotype morphology in NC race resembles the derived type, but chromosomal changes that occurred during its evolution are poorly understood. Our C-banding/DAPI and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments demonstrated that Y chromosomes of both races are enriched in DAPI-positive sequences and that the emergence of polymorphic sex chromosome system was accompanied by the break of ancestral Y chromosome and switch in the localization of 5S rDNA, from autosomes to sex chromosomes (X and Y2). Two contrasting domains were detected within North Carolina Y chromosomes: the older, highly heterochromatinised, inherited from the original Y chromosome and the younger, euchromatic, representing translocated autosomal material. The flow-cytometric DNA estimation showed ∼3.5 % genome downsizing in the North Carolina race. Our results are in contradiction to earlier reports on the lack of heterochromatin within Y chromosomes of this species and enable unambiguous identification of autosomes involved in the autosome-heterosome translocation, providing useful chromosome landmarks for further studies on the karyotype and sex chromosome differentiation in this species