Degree-dependent intervertex separation in complex networks

We study the mean length $\ell(k)$ of the shortest paths between a vertex of degree $k$ and other vertices in growing networks, where correlations are essential. In a number of deterministic scale-free networks we observe a power-law correction to a logarithmic dependence, $\ell(k) = A\ln [N/k^{(\gamma-1)/2}] - C k^{\gamma-1}/N + ...$ in a wide range of network sizes. Here $N$ is the number of vertices in the network, $\gamma$ is the degree distribution exponent, and the coefficients $A$ and $C$ depend on a network. We compare this law with a corresponding $\ell(k)$ dependence obtained for random scale-free networks growing through the preferential attachment mechanism. In stochastic and deterministic growing trees with an exponential degree distribution, we observe a linear dependence on degree, $\ell(k) \cong A\ln N - C k$. We compare our findings for growing networks with those for uncorrelated graphs.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Avaliação de sistema de produção alternativo de milho em monocultivo.

O sistema de produção preconizado apresenta sérias limitações à obtenção de ganhos de produtividade da cultura, mesmo nas áreas de solos mais férteis, por apresentar poucas alternativas tecnológicas. Face impirismo que lhe é peculiar, o cultivo do milho em Porto Velho constitui-se num desafio ao produtor e uma atividade de alto risco. A tecnologia disponível pela pesquisa poderá melhorar o desempenho técnico e econômico da cultura, imprimindo algumas mudanças ao sistema proposto para as demais áreas do Estado. Com a finalidade de viabilizar a produção de milho em Porto Velho, algumas inferências foram feitas ao modelo preconizado, buscando novas opções de escolha ao produtor e menor margem de riscos econômicos.bitstream/item/57012/1/PA-1555-0001.pd

Accelerating universes driven by bulk particles

We consider our universe as a 3d domain wall embedded in a 5d dimensional Minkowski space-time. We address the problem of inflation and late time acceleration driven by bulk particles colliding with the 3d domain wall. The expansion of our universe is mainly related to these bulk particles. Since our universe tends to be permeated by a large number of isolated structures, as temperature diminishes with the expansion, we model our universe with a 3d domain wall with increasing internal structures. These structures could be unstable 2d domain walls evolving to fermi-balls which are candidates to cold dark matter. The momentum transfer of bulk particles colliding with the 3d domain wall is related to the reflection coefficient. We show a nontrivial dependence of the reflection coefficient with the number of internal dark matter structures inside the 3d domain wall. As the population of such structures increases the velocity of the domain wall expansion also increases. The expansion is exponential at early times and polynomial at late times. We connect this picture with string/M-theory by considering BPS 3d domain walls with structures which can appear through the bosonic sector of a five-dimensional supergravity theory.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. D, 16 pages, 3 eps figures, minor changes and references adde

The interplay of university and industry through the FP5 network

To improve the quality of life in a modern society it is essential to reduce the distance between basic research and applications, whose crucial roles in shaping today's society prompt us to seek their understanding. Existing studies on this subject, however, have neglected the network character of the interaction between university and industry. Here we use state-of-the-art network theory methods to analyze this interplay in the so-called Framework Programme--an initiative which sets out the priorities for the European Union's research and technological development. In particular we study in the 5th Framework Programme (FP5) the role played by companies and scientific institutions and how they contribute to enhance the relationship between research and industry. Our approach provides quantitative evidence that while firms are size hierarchically organized, universities and research organizations keep the network from falling into pieces, paving the way for an effective knowledge transfer.Comment: 21 pages (including Appendix), 8 figures. Published online at http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/9/18

Statistics of remote regions of networks

We delve into the statistical properties of regions within complex networks that are distant from vertices with high centralities, such as hubs or highly connected clusters. These remote regions play a pivotal role in shaping the asymptotic behaviours of various spreading processes and the features of associated spectra. We investigate the probability distribution $P_{\geq m}(s)$ of the number $s$ of vertices located at distance $m$ or beyond from a randomly chosen vertex in an undirected network. Earlier, this distribution and its large $m$ asymptotics $1/s^2$ were obtained theoretically for undirected uncorrelated networks [S. N. Dorogovtsev, J. F. F. Mendes, A. N. Samukhin, Nucl. Phys. B 653 (2003) 307]. Employing numerical simulations and analysing empirical data, we explore a wide range of real undirected networks and their models, including trees and loopy networks, and reveal that the inverse square law is valid even for networks with strong correlations. We observe this law in the networks demonstrating the small-world effect and containing vertices with degree $1$ (so-called leaves or dead ends). We find the specific classes of networks for which this law is not valid. Such networks include the finite-dimensional networks and the networks embedded in finite-dimensional spaces. We notice that long chains of nodes in networks reduce the range of $m$ for which the inverse square law can be spotted. Interestingly, we detect such long chains in the remote regions of the undirected projection of a large Web domain.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, 1 ancillary file. Submitted to Chaos, Solitons & Fractal

The effect of mixing particles with different characteristics on the residence time distribution of particles in two-phase flow in a tubular system

The residence time distribution of large solid particles in fluid suspensions was determined in a tubular continuous processing system. Different flow conditions covering both laminar and transient flow regimes were studied for particles with different diameter and density. Experiments were performed for single particles and for suspensions with 1% v/v concentration. The results showed that even for low particle concentrations, particle interactions promote an increased mean residence time and dispersion. Residence time distribution of mixtures of two different types of particles were also measured for different flow conditions. It was concluded that mixing particles with different characteristics often promotes a decrease both in the mean and minimum residence time of each type of particle, although in some situations the opposite was observed

A idade das ovelhas e a manutenção dos cordeiros.

Um aspecto interessante na produtividade global de um rebanho de cria em condições extensivas de criação, é a estrutura etária dos animais no rebanho, pois esta determina os procedimentos de manejo em alguns grupos de idade.bitstream/item/63436/1/it02-2000.pd

A importância do peso dos cordeiros recém nascidos.

Nos sistemas predominantes do Rio Grande do Sul, os rebanhos de cria são mantidos extensivamente, sendo condicionados à intempéries do inverno e ás condições do campo nativo, que é pobre de junho à agosto. As condições ambientais encontradas por ovelhas prenhes não são satisfatórias para seus requerimentos em nutrientes, durante esta época em que está nutrindo o feto. isto acarreta baixo peso corporal do recém nascido, o que determina índices de mortalidade muitas vezes alarmante.bitstream/item/63438/1/it01-2000.pd

Efficiency of low versus high airline pressure in stunning cattle with a pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt gun

The efficiency of stunning cattle was assessed in 443 animals (304 pure Zebu and 139 crossbred cattle), being mainly mature bulls and cows. Cattle were stunned using a Jarvis pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt gun operating with low (160–175 psi, N = 82) and high (190 psi, N = 363) airline pressure, which was within the manufactures specifications. Signs of brain function and the position of the shots on the heads were recorded after stunning. Velocity of the captive bolt and its physical parameters were calculated. Cattle shot with low pressures showed more rhythmic respiration (27 vs. 8%, P < 0.001), less tongue protrusion (4 vs. 12%, P = 0.03) and less masseter relaxation (22 vs. 48%, P < 0.001). There was an increased frequency of shots in the ideal position when cattle were shot with the low compared to high airline pressures (15.3 vs. 3.1%). Bolt velocity and its physical parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) higher when using high pressure. Airline pressures below 190 psi are inappropriate when shooting adult Zebu beef cattle with pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt guns