1,744 research outputs found
Multifarious trajectories in plant-based ethnoveterinary knowledge in northern and southern Eastern Europe
Over the last century in the European context, animal production has been transformed by the dynamics of centralization and decentralization due to political and economic factors. These processes have influenced knowledge related to healing and ensuring the welfare of domestic animals. Therefore, our study aimed to document and compare current and past ethnoveterinary practices, and to identify trajectories in ethnoveterinary knowledge in study regions from both northern and southern Eastern Europe. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, we conducted 476 interviews, recording the use of 94 plant taxa, 67 of which were wild and 24 were cultivated. We documented 452 use reports, 24 of which were related to the improvement of the quality or quantity of meat and milk, while the other 428 involved ethnoveterinary practices for treating 10 domestic animal taxa. Cattle were the most mentioned target of ethnoveterinary treatments across all the study areas, representing about 70% of all use reports. Only four plant species were reported in five or more countries (Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum spp., Linum usitatissimum, Quercus robur). The four study regions located in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe did not present similar ethnoveterinary knowledge trajectories. Bukovinian mountain areas appeared to hold a living reservoir of ethnoveterinary knowledge, unlike the other regions. Setomaa (especially Estonian Setomaa) and Dzukija showed an erosion of ethnoveterinary knowledge with many uses reported in the past but no longer in use. The current richness of ethnoveterinary knowledge reported in Bukovina could have been developed and maintained through its peculiar geographical location in the Carpathian Mountains and fostered by the intrinsic relationship between the mountains and local pastoralists and by its unbroken continuity of management even during the Soviet era. Finally, our results show some patterns common to several countries and to the veterinary medicine promoted during the time of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union and its centralized animal breeding system, resulted in a decline of ethnoveterinary knowledge as highly specialized veterinary doctors worked in almost every village. Future research should examine the complex networks of sources from where farmers derive their ethnoveterinary knowledge
ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Safety and efficacy as fundamental choice of inhaled steroids for treatment of childhood asthma.ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Changes in the transcriptome of the prefrontal cortex of OXYS rats as the signs of Alzheimerβs disease development
Alzheimerβs disease (AD) is the most prevalent neuroΒdegenerative disease. It produces atrophic changes in the brain, which cause dementia. The incidence of AD is increasing with increasing life expectancy and gradual aging of theΒ population in developed countries. There are no effective prophylactic interΒventions because of insufficient understanding of the AD pathogenesis and the absence of adequate experimental models. Recently, we showed that senescence-accelerated OXYS rats represent aΒ promisΒing model of AD; in these rats, accelerated aging of the brain is accompanied by the typical signs of AD: degenerative alterations and death of neurons, a deΒcrease in synaptic density, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, an increased level of amyloid Ξ² (AΞ²1β42), and the formation of amyloid plaques. To elucidate how these signs develop, we used a nextgeneration RNA sequencing technique (RNA-Seq) to study theΒ prefronΒtal-cortex transcriptome ofΒ OXYS rats during the manifestation of AD signs (at an age of 5 months) and during their active progresΒsion (at an age of 18Β months), using age-matched Wistar rats (parental strain) as controls. At the age of 5 months, there were significant differences between OXYS and Wistar rats (p < 0.01) in the mRNA expression of more than 900 genes (> 2000 genes at the age of 18Β months) in the prefrontal cortex. Most of these genes were related to neuronal plasticity, protein phosphorylation, Π‘Π°2+ homeostasis, hypoxia, immune processes, and apoptosis. Between the ages of 5 and 18Β months, there were changes in the expression of 499 genes in Wistar rats and changes in the expresΒsion of 5500 genes in OXYS rats. Only 333 genes were common between these sets. This finding points to differences in the mechanisms and rates of age-related changes in the brain between normal aging and theΒ period of development of AD-specific neuroΒdegeneΒrative processes
ΠΠ΅Π±ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
Inhalation therapy is a modern and preferable method of drug delivery which is currently used for treatment of majority of acute and chronic respiratory diseases in children and adults. Recently, inhalation devices have evolved significantly. Scientific researches are focused on interaction between drug molecules and aerosol-producing device. The efficacy of inhalation therapy is generally depends on the drug, its dose and technical parameters of the device. Inhalation devices that are able effectively produce drug aerosol have been used for treatment of most pediatric diseases. Advantages of this therapy are quick onset of the action, the possibility to reduce a drug dose due to higher drug concentration in the airways and to decrease the risk of adverse events, and independence of the liver metabolism. Nebulized therapy has been currently used for therapy of the majority of pediatric respiratory diseases. Drug formulation diversity and ability to combine > 2 drugs could enhance the treatment efficacy.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ (ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ) ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β₯ 2 Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
Influence of Antioxidant SkQ1 on Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in the Hippocampus of Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats
Human and animal aging is associated with gradual decline of cognitive functions (especially learning ability and memory) and increased risk of development of neurodegenerative diseases 596 Abbreviations: bp, base pairs; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; βmtDNA, deletion in mitochondrial DNA; βmtDNA 4834 , 4834-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SkQ1, antioxidant 10-(6β²-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract-Reduction of efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation associated with aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease is thought to be linked to the accumulation of deletions in mitochondrial DNA (βmtDNA), which are seen as a marker of oxidative damage. Recently, we have shown that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6β²-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium) can slow the development of signs of Alzheimer's disease in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the development of neurodegenerative changes in the brain of OXYS rats and changes in the amount of mtDNA and the 4834-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion (βmtDNA 4834 ) as well as the effect of SkQ1. We studied the relative amount of mtDNA and βmtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus of OXYS and Wistar (control) rats at ages of 1, 2, 6, 10, and 20 days and 3, 6, and 24 months. During the period crucial for manifestation of the signs of accelerated aging of OXYS rats (from 1.5 to 3 months of age), we evaluated the effects of administration of SkQ1 (250 nmol/kg) and vitamin E (670 mmol/kg, reference treatment) on the amount of mtDNA and βmtDNA 4834 and on the formation of the behavioral feature of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats -passive type of behavior in the open field test. In OXYS rats, the level of βmtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus is increased compared to the Wistar rats, especially at the stage of completion of brain development in the postnatal period. This level remains elevated not only at the stages preceding the manifestation of the signs of accelerated brain aging and the development of pathological changes linked to Alzheimer's disease, but also during their progression. However, at age of 24 months, there were no detectable differences between the two strains. SkQ1 treatment reduced the level of βmtDNA 4834 in the hippocampus of Wistar and OXYS rats and slowed the formation of passive behavior in OXYS rats. These results support the possible use of SkQ1 for prophylaxis of brain aging. Influence of Antioxidant SkQ1 o
The Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Downregulates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Genes in the Retina of OXYS Rats with AMD-Like Retinopathy
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 is a novel drug thought to retard development of age-related diseases. It has been shown that SkQ1 reduces clinical signs of retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, which are a known animal model of human age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this work was to test whether SkQ1 affects transcriptional activity of AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), which are considered as AMD-associated genes in the retina of OXYS and Wistar rats. Our results showed that only AhR and AhR-dependent genes were sensitive to SkQ1. Dietary supplementation with SkQ1 decreased the AhR mRNA level in both OXYS and Wistar rats. At baseline, the retinal Cyp1a1 mRNA level was lower in OXYS rats. SkQ1 supplementation decreased the Cyp1a1 mRNA level in Wistar rats, but this level remained unchanged in OXYS rats. Baseline Cyp1a2 and Cyp1b1 mRNA expression was stronger in OXYS than in Wistar rats. In the OXYS strain, Cyp1a2 and Cyp1b1 mRNA levels decreased as a result of SkQ1 supplementation. These data suggest that the Cyp1a2 and Cyp1b1 enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of AMD-like retinopathy of OXYS rats and are possible therapeutic targets of SkQ1
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π±Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Open non-comparative 3-month study of efficacy of combined therapy with beclomethasone (Beclason ECO Easy Breathe) and formoterol (Foradil) was performed in children 6 to 11 years old with moderate bronchial asthma. The study involved 35 patients (the average age was 8.64 Β± 0.65 yrs), 69 % were boys. The length of the disease was 2 to 10 yrs (6.01 Β± 0.83 yrs). All the patients were given Beclason ECO Easy Breathe 200 meg and Foradil 9 meg twice a day. We evaluated inhalation technique, clinical and functional dynamics, possibilities of achieving the full asthma control, need in short-acting Ξ²1-agonists, tolerability and safety of the therapy. No one patient experienced technique problems when using Beclason ECO Easy Breathe. By the 8-th week of the treatment asthma symptoms disappeared in all the patients, breathing rate and lung auscultation became normal. Significant improvement in lung function was noted by the 12-th week of the therapy. The FEV1 growth under the bronchodilating test diminished indicating more bronchial stability. Peak expiratory flow rate increased even in children with initial normal parameters. The need in short-acting Ξ²2-agonists reduced from 1,9 Β± 0,4 to 0,6 Β± 0,2 doses daily. The treatment was well tolerated.Thus, the combination of Beclason ECO Easy Breathe and Foradil in moderate asthma children results in achieving the full asthma control, clinical stability, elimination of the asthma signs, improvement in lung function.ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅") ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ (Π€ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ») Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ 6-11 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ (ΠΠ) ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 35 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 8,64 Β± 0,65 Π»Π΅Ρ), 69 % ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 10 Π»Π΅Ρ (Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ β 6,01 Β± 0,83 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅" 200 ΠΌΠΊΠ³ Π΄Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π€ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ 9 ΠΌΠΊΠ³ Π΄Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° "ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°; Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ; ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Ξ²2-Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°. Π 8-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄. ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π§Π, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 12 Π½Π΅Π΄. ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ FEV1, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ξ²2-Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ 1,9 Β± 0,4 Π΄ΠΎ 0,6 Β± 0,2 ΠΈΠ½Π³./ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΈ Π€ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Childβs heart development and contractility from prenatal to postnatal period
This literature review analyzes current data on the main stages of childβs heart contractility development from prenatal to postnatal period. The presented information will expand the conventional ideas on the age-related cardiovascular physiology in children, supplementing with relevant knowledge about the patterns of left ventricular mechanics, and the mechanisms affecting childβs heart morphology. In addition, we consider the evolutionary feasibility of the simultaneous existence of various left ventricular mechanics models, which ensure the effective cardiac function in the postnatal period. This is very important for the work of neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric cardiologists and therapists
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
The aim of this study was to analyze clinical efficacy and safety of inhaled thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcisteinate (TGA) compared to conventional systemic antibacterial therapy in children with acute bronchitis.Methods. This was a randomized open postmarketing parallel-group trial which involved 150 children (71 boys) aged 3 to 17 years with acute bronchitis. Children were included to the trial if they did not improve in 5β6 days of a symptomatic treatment or if they had bacterial respiratory infection. The patients were randomly assigned either to nebulized inhalations of TGA or oral macrolides plus oral N-acetylcysteine for 7 days. Efficacy of therapy was assessed by clinical sign scoring and lung function measured by computed bronchophonography.Results. In 3 days of the treatment, the body temperature decreased to low-grade fever in both the groups. Clinical signs of acute bronchitis improved significantly in 84% of the TGA group patients with statistically significant difference compared to the controls; cough and sputum production were 1.7 Β± 0.06 and 2.1 Β± 0.02, respectively (Ρ < 0.05); wheezing reduced in 1.5 times in the TGA group to the 3rd day. To the 7th day of the treatment, improvement was equal in both the group and clinical efficacy (recovering, improvement, or no change) did not differ between the groups. Systemic antibacterial therapy was not required in the TGA group.Conclusion. The results have shown the high clinical efficacy of inhaled TGA in children with acute bacterial bronchitis. Systemic macrolides did not improve clinical outcomes and did not shortened the length of the disease, but caused more adverse events compared to the inhaled topic antibacterial therapy.ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΠ’) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ
Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° (Π’ΠΠ) Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (n = 150: 71 ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊ, 79 Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ; ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ β 9,9 Β± 0,8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°) Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π’ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠΠ).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π’ΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ’
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