3,397 research outputs found
Life and death of a hero - Lessons learned from modeling the dwarf spheroidal Hercules: an incorrect orbit?
Hercules is a dwarf spheroidal satellite of the Milky Way, found at a
distance of about 138 kpc, and showing evidence of tidal disruption. It is very
elongated and exhibits a velocity gradient of 16 +/- 3 km/s/kpc. Using this
data a possible orbit of Hercules has previously been deduced in the
literature. In this study we make use of a novel approach to find a best fit
model that follows the published orbit. Instead of using trial and error, we
use a systematic approach in order to find a model that fits multiple
observables simultaneously. As such, we investigate a much wider parameter
range of initial conditions and ensure we have found the best match possible.
Using a dark matter free progenitor that undergoes tidal disruption, our
best-fit model can simultaneously match the observed luminosity, central
surface brightness, effective radius, velocity dispersion, and velocity
gradient of Hercules. However, we find it is impossible to reproduce the
observed elongation and the position angle of Hercules at the same time in our
models. This failure persists even when we vary the duration of the simulation
significantly, and consider a more cuspy density distribution for the
progenitor. We discuss how this suggests that the published orbit of Hercules
is very likely to be incorrect.Comment: accepted by MNRAS; 19 pages, 19 figures, 2 table
Ursa Major II - Reproducing the observed properties through tidal disruption
Recent deep photometry of the dwarf spheroidal Ursa Major II's morphology,
and spectroscopy of individual stars, have provided a number of new constraints
on its properties. With a velocity dispersion 6 km s, and under
the assumption that the galaxy is virialised, the mass-to-light ratio is found
to be approaching 2000 - apparently heavily dark matter dominated. Using
N-Body simulations, we demonstrate that the observed luminosity, ellipticity,
irregular morphology, velocity gradient, and the velocity dispersion can be
well reproduced through processes associated with tidal mass loss, and in the
absence of dark matter. These results highlight the considerable uncertainty
that exists in measurements of the dark matter content of Ursa Major II. The
dynamics of the inner tidal tails, and tidal stream, causes the observed
velocity dispersion of stars to be boosted to values of 5 km s (20
km s at times). This effect is responsible for raising the velocity
dispersion of our model to the observed values in UMaII. We test an iterative
rejection technique for removing unbound stars from samples of UMaII stars
whose positions on the sky, and line-of-sight velocities, are provided. We find
this technique is very effective at providing an accurate bound mass from this
information, and only fails when the galaxy has a bound mass less than 10 of
its initial mass. However when mass remains bound, mass overestimation by
3 orders of magnitude are seen. Additionally we find that mass measurements
are sensitive to measurement uncertainty in line-of-sight velocities.
Measurement uncertainties of 1-4 km s result in mass overestimates by a
factor of 1.3-5.7.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted to MNRAS: 23rd, May, 201
Confinement of two-dimensional excitons in a non-homogeneous magnetic field
The effective Hamiltonian describing the motion of an exciton in an external
non-homogeneous magnetic field is derived. The magnetic field plays the role of
an effective potential for the exciton motion, results into an increment of the
exciton mass and modifies the exciton kinetic energy operator. In contrast to
the homogeneous field case, the exciton in a non-homogeneous magnetic field can
also be trapped in the low field region and the field gradient increases the
exciton confinement. The trapping energy and wave function of the exciton in a
GaAs two-dimensional electron gas for specific circular magnetic field
configurations are calculated. The results show than excitons can be trapped by
non-homogeneous magnetic fields, and that the trapping energy is strongly
correlated with the shape and strength of the non-homogeneous magnetic field
profile.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
BEC-BCS crossover in a cold and magnetized two color NJL model
The BEC-BCS crossover for a NJL model with diquark interactions is studied in
the presence of an external magnetic field. Particular attention is paid to
different regularization schemes used in the literature. A thorough comparison
of results is performed for the case of a cold and magnetized two-color NJL
model. According to our results, the critical chemical potential for the BEC
transition exhibits a clear inverse magnetic catalysis effect for magnetic
fields in the range . As for the BEC-BCS
crossover, the corresponding critical chemical potential is very weakly
sensitive to magnetic fields up to , showing a much smaller
inverse magnetic catalysis as compared to the BEC transition, and displays a
strong magnetic catalysis from this point on.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures; v2 PRD versio
Desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a melhoria do sistema de criação em cativeiro do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas.
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