54 research outputs found
The using of orthogonal basis for the steganographic coding of information in multimedia
This article discusses methods for steganographic encoding additional information using three different orthogonal bases. The bases are represented by the functions, which occupies a different bandwidth in the spectrum. There are comparison of the approach to the definition of DCT- coefficients with the approaches used in the methods of the spread spectrum and subband projections. The approaches of the coefficients of the implementation to ensure secrecy by adaptive determination of their value are considere
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The work presents data on the relationship between the regional incidence of gastrointestinal tract diseases and the number of medical personnel in various regions of the Russian Federation. Indicators for all federal districts for 2013-2017 have been studied. Mathematical models describing this relationship have been proposed. It has been shown that regional morbidity correlates with the number of medical personnel, as well as with attendance at treatment and prevention institutions. The average number of gastroenterologists from 1.3 to 1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants of the region is optimal for the timely detection of gastroenterology diseases. The data obtained can be used in management decisions to optimize the burden on the healthcare system in each region. The introduction of the standards into clinical practice under the established procedure will help to improve the quality of specialized care for patients with gastroenterological problems.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π·Π° 2013-2017 Π³Π³. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ’ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ 1,3 Π΄ΠΎ 1,5 Π½Π° 100 ΡΡΡ. ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² Π Π€ Π² 2013β2017 Π³Π³.
In recent decades, increasing importance in modern diagnostic algorithms is given to techniques that use optical systems, including those with the ability to examine organs in various spectral ranges and in fluorescence modes. The rapid development of modern technologies and their implementation in the field of healthcare requires constant improvement of the organization of medical care to the population. Endoscopic services in Russia began to emerge in the 70s of the 20th century. In the early stages, it was represented by independent diagnostic rooms based on large medical clinics and research centers. Over the past decades, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment have moved far forward. For the successful use of endoscopic technologies in clinical practice, qualified medical personnel are needed, including oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists proficient in endoscopic techniques. The human potential of endoscopy was initially formed by part-timers, most often from surgeons and therapists. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the activities of specialist doctors who provide medical care in outpatient conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of gastroenterologists providing outpatient medical care at the federal level and in the pilot regions of the Russian Federation. The multidirectionality of trends regarding the level of burden on gastroenterologists in the subjects of the Russian Federation is established. In all federal districts, a decrease in the number of visits per gastroenterologist and a decrease in the part-time coefficient was observed.Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² 70-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ XX ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ-ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉβΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 1 Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Direct In Vivo Evidence for Tumor Propagation by Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells
High-grade gliomas (World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma and grade IV glioblastoma multiforme), the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, display a cellular hierarchy with self-renewing, tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) at the apex. While the CSC hypothesis has been an attractive model to describe many aspects of tumor behavior, it remains controversial due to unresolved issues including the use of ex vivo analyses with differential growth conditions. A CSC population has been confirmed in malignant gliomas by preferential tumor formation from cells directly isolated from patient biopsy specimens. However, direct comparison of multiple tumor cell populations with analysis of the resulting phenotypes of each population within a representative tumor environment has not been clearly described. To directly test the relative tumorigenic potential of CSCs and non-stem tumor cells in the same microenvironment, we interrogated matched tumor populations purified from a primary human tumor transplanted into a xenograft mouse model and monitored competitive in vivo tumor growth studies using serial in vivo intravital microscopy. While CSCs were a small minority of the initial transplanted cancer cell population, the CSCs, not the non-stem tumor cells, drove tumor formation and yielded tumors displaying a cellular hierarchy. In the resulting tumors, a fraction of the initial transplanted CSCs maintained expression of stem cell and proliferation markers, which were significantly higher compared to the non-stem tumor cell population and demonstrated that CSCs generated cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. These head-to-head comparisons between matched CSCs and non-stem tumor cells provide the first functional evidence using live imaging that in the same microenvironment, CSCs more than non-stem tumor cells are responsible for tumor propagation, confirming the functional definition of a CSC
Method for the Synthesis of a Composition Based on Aluminum Oxide and a Solid Solution of Cerium and Zirconium Oxides
FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for producing composite powder materials by hydrometallurgical method, namely, to compositions based on stabilized aluminum oxide and a solid solution of cerium and zirconium oxides, which can be used as carriers of the catalytically active phase in an automotive catalytic unit. A method for synthesizing a composition based on aluminum oxide and a solid solution of cerium and zirconium oxides includes the preparation of an aqueous suspension of cerium, zirconium and possibly yttrium or lanthanum hydroxides with a pH of 7 to 10 with the addition of ammonia at room temperature, the preparation of an aqueous suspension of aluminum hydroxides and possibly zirconium or lanthanum at room temperature. Next, the resulting suspensions are mixed at room temperature to produce a total suspension. The precipitate is separated from the mother liquor and isopropyl alcohol is injected. The mixture is dried and burnt. Before separating the precipitate from the mother liquor, the total suspension is ground so that the D90 value is less than 9.5 mcm, or subjected to hydrothermal treatment at a temperature above 110Β°C with the duration of 0 hours or more. EFFECT: increase in the thermal stability of the surface of the particles of the composite powder material is provided. 8 cl, 1 dwg, 6 ex.ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ ΠΎΡ 7 Π΄ΠΎ 10 Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ D90 ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 9,5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 110Β°Π‘ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 0 ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅. ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. 2 Π½. ΠΈ 6 Π·.ΠΏ. Ρ-Π»Ρ, 1 ΠΈΠ»., 6 ΠΏΡ
Enhancement of COPD biological networks using a web-based collaboration interface
The construction and application of biological network models is an approach that offers a holistic way to understand biological processes involved in disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the airways for which therapeutic options currently are limited after diagnosis, even in its earliest stage. COPD network models are important tools to better understand the biological components and processes underlying initial disease development. With the increasing amounts of literature that are now available, crowdsourcing approaches offer new forms of collaboration for researchers to review biological findings, which can be applied to the construction and verification of complex biological networks. We report the construction of 50 biological network models relevant to lung biology and early COPD using an integrative systems biology and collaborative crowd-verification approach. By combining traditional literature curation with a data-driven approach that predicts molecular activities from transcriptomics data, we constructed an initial COPD network model set based on a previously published non-diseased lung-relevant model set. The crowd was given the opportunity to enhance and refine the networks on a website ( https://bionet.sbvimprover.com/) and to add mechanistic detail, as well as critically review existing evidence and evidence added by other users, so as to enhance the accuracy of the biological representation of the processes captured in the networks. Finally, scientists and experts in the field discussed and refined the networks during an in-person jamboree meeting. Here, we describe examples of the changes made to three of these networks: Neutrophil Signaling, Macrophage Signaling, and Th1-Th2 Signaling. We describe an innovative approach to biological network construction that combines literature and data mining and a crowdsourcing approach to generate a comprehensive set of COPD-relevant models that can be used to help understand the mechanisms related to lung pathobiology. Registered users of the website can freely browse and download the networks
Quantum majorization and a complete set of entropic conditions for quantum thermodynamics
What does it mean for one quantum process to be more disordered than another? Interestingly, this apparently abstract question arises naturally in a wide range of areas such as information theory, thermodynamics, quantum reference frames, and the resource theory of asymmetry. Here we use a quantum-mechanical generalization of majorization to develop a framework for answering this question, in terms of single-shot entropies, or equivalently, in terms of semi-definite programs. We also investigate some of the applications of this framework, and remarkably find that, in the context of quantum thermodynamics it provides the first complete set of necessary and sufficient conditions for arbitrary quantum state transformations under thermodynamic processes, which rigorously accounts for quantum-mechanical properties, such as coherence. Our framework of generalized thermal processes extends thermal operations, and is based on natural physical principles, namely, energy conservation, the existence of equilibrium states, and the requirement that quantum coherence be accounted for thermodynamically
Statistics on the work of gastroenterologists in the Russian Federation in 2013β2017
In recent decades, increasing importance in modern diagnostic algorithms is given to techniques that use optical systems, including those with the ability to examine organs in various spectral ranges and in fluorescence modes. The rapid development of modern technologies and their implementation in the field of healthcare requires constant improvement of the organization of medical care to the population. Endoscopic services in Russia began to emerge in the 70s of the 20th century. In the early stages, it was represented by independent diagnostic rooms based on large medical clinics and research centers. Over the past decades, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment have moved far forward. For the successful use of endoscopic technologies in clinical practice, qualified medical personnel are needed, including oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists proficient in endoscopic techniques. The human potential of endoscopy was initially formed by part-timers, most often from surgeons and therapists. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the activities of specialist doctors who provide medical care in outpatient conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of gastroenterologists providing outpatient medical care at the federal level and in the pilot regions of the Russian Federation. The multidirectionality of trends regarding the level of burden on gastroenterologists in the subjects of the Russian Federation is established. In all federal districts, a decrease in the number of visits per gastroenterologist and a decrease in the part-time coefficient was observed
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