Issues in the Calendar Chronology of the Seima-Turbino Transcultural Phenomenon

The Seima-Turbino (ST) transcultural phenomenon was unique in the Eurasian Bronze Age. Its very rare but highly specific memorial sanctuaries and randomly found bronze artifacts are scattered across a gently sloping arc spanning territories from northern China to the Baltic and the Lower Dniester––nearly 4 mln km2. However, until recently, no reliable radiocarbon database relating to ST has been available. The situation changed after the discovery of the Shaytanka memorial sanctuary in the Middle Urals, and its detailed excavation. As a result, a considerable series of radiocarbon dates has appeared, enabling us to arrive at a more reliable pattern of absolute chronology for ST in a vast territory from western Siberia (Sopka, Tartas) to the Upper Volga basin (Yurino). The earlier dates in the eastern part of the ST distribution area uphold the theory concerning the ultimate source of a long-range east-to-west migration. Important new features in the overall pattern of dates on the vast territories of the Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones make it possible to reconstruct the nature of the contacts between the ST people and representatives of other cultures—especially those of the Abashevo-Sintashta-Petrovka community advancing in a west-to-east direction. © 2017 E.N. Chernykh, O.N. Korochkova, L.B. Orlovskaya

OMPEGAS: Optimized Relativistic Code for Multicore Architecture

The paper presents a new hydrodynamical code, OMPEGAS, for the 3D simulation of astrophysical flows on shared memory architectures. It provides a numerical method for solving the three-dimensional equations of the gravitational hydrodynamics based on Godunov’s method for solving the Riemann problem and the piecewise parabolic approximation with a local stencil. It obtains a high order of accuracy and low dissipation of the solution. The code is implemented for multicore processors with vector instructions using the OpenMP technology, Intel SDLT library, and compiler auto-vectorization tools. The model problem of simulating a star explosion was used to study the developed code. The experiments show that the presented code reproduces the behavior of the explosion correctly. Experiments for the model problem with a grid size of (Formula presented.) were performed on an 16-core Intel Core i9-12900K CPU to study the efficiency and performance of the developed code. By using the autovectorization, we achieved a 3.3-fold increase in speed in comparison with the non-vectorized program on the processor with AVX2 support. By using multithreading with OpenMP, we achieved an increase in speed of 2.6 times on a 16-core processor in comparison with the vectorized single-threaded program. The total increase in speed was up to ninefold. © 2022 by the authors.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-11-00044The work of the third author (I.M.K.) and fourth author (I.G.C.) was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 18-11-00044). The first author (E.N.A.) and second author (V.E.M.) received no external funding

IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF CIRCULATING BONE MARROW PROGENITORS AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF NEUROPROTECTION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

We have previously shown that acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by increased level of circulating bone marrow progenitors, and favorable outcome is associated with early mobilization of CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HP). The present study was aimed at investigating whether patients with early HP mobilization differed from those with mobilization failure by systemic inflammatory reaction and immune parameters. The TBI patients were characterized by increased levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1в, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, G-CSF and IL-1ra indicative for presence of systemic inflammatory response. Importantly, patients with lacking mobilization of early HPs were shown to have significantly higher serum levels of CRP, MCP-1, MIP-1в, and G-CSF and a lower level of VEGF. In addition, patients with lack of early HP mobilization differed by significantly lower absolute number of lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD16+ NK cells and proliferative response of mononuclear cells to stimulation with ConA as well as by 4-fold higher rate of infectious complications compared with the opposite group. These data suggest that correlation of early mobilization of CD34+CD45+ cells with a favorable outcome in TBI patients may be partially mediated by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of circulating bone marrow progenitors

Influence of implantation of a novel domestic prosthetic aortic valve on the functional class of heart failure one year after surgery

Aim. To assess the severity of heart failure (HF) 1 year after aortic valve replacement with a novel bioprosthetic valve with the “easy change” system.Material and methods. The study included 59 patients (24 men and 35 women) diagnosed with degenerative aortic valve disease without concomitant cardiac pathology. The mean age of the patients was 69,6±4,3 years. An assessment of NYHA HF class using six-minute walk test was carried out. The venous plasma level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretric peptide (NT-proBNP) before and after surgery was also used to determine the severity of HF. In 31 patients (52,5%), NYHA class III HF was determined before surgery.Results. Comparative analysis of HF classes revealed a significant difference. Thus, after implantation of MedEng-BIO prosthetic aortic valve, the distance of the six-minute walk test increased by an average of 125 m (p=0,001). NT-proBNP level decreased from 162,2 pg/ml to 63,7 pg/ml (p=0,003).Conclusion. One-year follow-up of patients after implantation of a novel bioprosthetic aortic valve showed an objective decrease in the severity of HF according to six-minute walk test and NT-proBNP level in venous blood plasma

Signal recognition and background suppression by matched filters and neural networks for Tunka-Rex

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital antenna array, which measures the radio emission of the cosmic-ray air-showers in the frequency band of 30-80 MHz. Tunka-Rex is co-located with TAIGA experiment in Siberia and consists of 63 antennas, 57 of them are in a densely instrumented area of about 1 km\textsuperscript{2}. In the present work we discuss the improvements of the signal reconstruction applied for the Tunka-Rex. At the first stage we implemented matched filtering using averaged signals as template. The simulation study has shown that matched filtering allows one to decrease the threshold of signal detection and increase its purity. However, the maximum performance of matched filtering is achievable only in case of white noise, while in reality the noise is not fully random due to different reasons. To recognize hidden features of the noise and treat them, we decided to use convolutional neural network with autoencoder architecture. Taking the recorded trace as an input, the autoencoder returns denoised trace, i.e. removes all signal-unrelated amplitudes. We present the comparison between standard method of signal reconstruction, matched filtering and autoencoder, and discuss the prospects of application of neural networks for lowering the threshold of digital antenna arrays for cosmic-ray detection.Comment: ARENA2018 proceeding

Current Status and New Challenges of The Tunka Radio Extension

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an antenna array spread over an area of about 1~km$^2$. The array is placed at the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) and detects the radio emission of air showers in the band of 30 to 80~MHz. During the last years it was shown that a sparse array such as Tunka-Rex is capable of reconstructing the parameters of the primary particle as accurate as the modern instruments. Based on these results we continue developing our data analysis. Our next goal is the reconstruction of cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed only by a radio instrument. Taking a step towards it, we develop a model of aperture of our instrument and test it against hybrid TAIGA observations and Monte-Carlo simulations. In the present work we give an overview of the current status and results for the last five years of operation of Tunka-Rex and discuss prospects of the cosmic-ray energy estimation with sparse radio arrays.Comment: Proceedings of E+CRS 201

Improved measurements of the energy and shower maximum of cosmic rays with Tunka-Rex

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an array of 63 antennas located in the Tunka Valley, Siberia. It detects radio pulses in the 30-80 MHz band produced during the air-shower development. As shown by Tunka-Rex, a sparse radio array with about 200 m spacing is able to reconstruct the energy and the depth of the shower maximum with satisfactory precision using simple methods based on parameters of the lateral distribution of amplitudes. The LOFAR experiment has shown that a sophisticated treatment of all individually measured amplitudes of a dense antenna array can make the precision comparable with the resolution of existing optical techniques. We develop these ideas further and present a method based on the treatment of time series of measured signals, i.e. each antenna station provides several points (trace) instead of a single one (amplitude or power). We use the measured shower axis and energy as input for CoREAS simulations: for each measured event we simulate a set of air-showers with proton, helium, nitrogen and iron as primary particle (each primary is simulated about ten times to cover fluctuations in the shower maximum due to the first interaction). Simulated radio pulses are processed with the Tunka-Rex detector response and convoluted with the measured signals. A likelihood fit determines how well the simulated event fits to the measured one. The positions of the shower maxima are defined from the distribution of chi-square values of these fits. When using this improved method instead of the standard one, firstly, the shower maximum of more events can be reconstructed, secondly, the resolution is increased. The performance of the method is demonstrated on the data acquired by the Tunka-Rex detector in 2012-2014.Comment: Proceedings of the 35th ICRC 2017, Busan, Kore

First analysis of inclined air showers detected by Tunka-Rex

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital antenna array for the detection of radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers in the frequency band of 30 to 80 MHz and for primary energies above 100 PeV. The standard analysis of Tunka-Rex includes events with zenith angle of up to 50$^\circ$. This cut is determined by the efficiency of the external trigger. However, due to the air-shower footprint increasing with zenith angle and due to the more efficient generation of radio emission (the magnetic field in the Tunka valley is almost vertical), there are a number of ultra-high-energy inclined events detected by Tunka-Rex. In this work we present a first analysis of a subset of inclined events detected by Tunka-Rex. We estimate the energies of the selected events and test the efficiency of Tunka-Rex antennas for detection of inclined air showers.Comment: ARENA2018 proceeding

IMMUNE PREDICTORS OF FIBROGENESIS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS

The study was devoted to development of non-invasive methods for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH). The stepwise logistic multivariate regression analysis of biochemical (PTI, glucose, albumin, AST, LDH) and immunological parameters (the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes, the relative content of CD8+ T- and CD19+B-cells) was used for the establishment of diagnostic model. Based on the multiple regression analysis we derived a 2 novel Integral Indexes of Liver Fibrosis (IILF-biochem and IILF-immun, respectively). It is shown that IILF-biochem allows, without resorting to liver biopsy to predict the appropriate stage of fibrosis in CHV patients with diagnostic accuracy of 86—87 %, and in combination with IILF — at 97.7 %