ОПЫТ ЛИМФАДЕНОЭКТОМИИ СТОРОЖЕВЫХ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛОВ, ОБНАРУЖЕННЫХ МЕТОДАМИ РАДИОИЗОТОПНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯХ РОТОГЛОТКИ

The excision of sentinel lymph nodes has a growing relevance in the diagnostics of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in case of N0. The validity of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) was examined as single surgical staging tool. Within the framework of a multi-modality treatment scheme, SNB without elective neck dissection performed during surgery of the primary tumor in 70 previously untreated patients. Control of accuracy took place by observation of manifestation of neck node metastases in 45 patients who had not been postoperatively irradiated. 94% of sentinel nodes could be excised; nine patients (13%) had positive nodes and were undergone radical neck lymph nodes dissection. There were 2 neck lymph node metastases in the context of second primaries, all other patients remained regionally unconspicious (median observation time: 26 months). As staging tool assessing T1-3 N0 tumors, SNB could lead to a considerable reduction of the number of elective neck dissections. it could be integrated well into a multi-modality treatment scheme.Определение сторожевого лимфатического узла (СЛУ) с использованием коллоидных радиофармпрепаратов, меченных99mТс (Nanocol®), с последующей лимфосцинтиграфией и интраоперационной детекцией гамма-зондом - перспективное направление в современной ядерной медицине и клинической практике. Особо важную роль играет вышеназванная методика в сочетании с последующим прицельным иссечением сторожевого (сентинельного) узла (СЛУ) при лечении злокачественных новообразований в области ротоглотки. Биопсия таких узлов позволяет четко верифицировать распространение и стадию опухолевого заболевания. В данном исследовании в рамках междисциплинарного ведения больных со злокачественной опухолевой патологией ротоглотки, совмещающего как диагностические, так и лечебные процедуры, проводились удаление и биопсия выявленных с помощью гамма-зонда СЛУ, без обязательной в таких случаях расширенной лимфаденэктомии шеи у 70 пациентов. Контроль точности поставленного диагноза по данным биопсии был проведен в группе из 45 пациентов. В 94% случаев СЛУ были выявлены и удалены и пациенты находились в состоянии полной ремиссии (катамнез наблюдения составил в среднем 26 мес); у 9 пациентов (13%) имело место метастатическое поражение в области детектированных СЛУ, и им была проведена полная лимфаденэктомия. У 2 пациентов были выявлены метастазы в лимфатические узлы при наличии сочетанной карциномы другой локализации. Итак, новый комплексный подход к ведению таких пациентов является одним из эффективных способов стадирования злокачественных опухолей, что значительно сокращает число необоснованных радикальных вмешательств и может быть внедрено в современный интеграционный процесс лечения

Prognostic Value of FDG-PET in Patients with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on survival in patients with carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPC). Methods: Eighteen patients with primary OPC who underwent PET pre- and post-CRT were evaluated prospectively for survival. The prognostic performance of post-CRT PET and CT for recurrence was compared. Results: Patients with positive post-CRT PET exhibited significantly lower 2-year cause-specific survival and disease-free survival (50 % vs. 91%, PG0.05 and 0 % vs. 83%, PG0.0001); however, patients with positive post-CRT CT did not exhibit any significant difference (67 % vs. 83%, P= 0.416 and 50 % vs. 75%, P=0.070). Other factors, such as clinical and pre-CRT PET variables, also did not indicate any significant difference. The accuracy of prediction of residual and local recurrence for post-CRT PET and CT (local%/regional%) was 83%/94 % and 83%/78%, respectively. Conclusion: OPC patients with positive post-CRT PET exhibit poor survival. The prognostic accuracy of post-CRT PET is superior to that of CT. The results of post-CRT FDG-PET should be included in the management of the OPC patients

Multicenter double blind trial of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation through intracoronary injection post acute myocardium infarction – MiHeart/AMI study

Background: Myocardial infarction remains as a major cause of mortality worldwide and a high rate of survivors develop heart failure as a sequel, resulting in a high morbidity and elevated expenditures for health system resources. We have designed a multicenter trial to test for the efficacy of autologous bone marrow (ABM) mononuclear cell (MC) transplantation in this subgroup of patients. The main hypothesis to be tested is that treated patients will have a significantly higher ejection fraction (EF) improvement after 6 months than controls. Methods: A sample of 300 patients admitted with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction, and submitted to successful mechanical or chemical recanalization of the infarct-related coronary artery will be selected for inclusion and randomized to either treated or control group in a double blind manner. The former group will receive 100 x 106 MC suspended in saline with 5% autologous serum in the culprit vessel, while the latter will receive placebo (saline with 5% autologous serum). Implications: Many phase I/II clinical trials using cell therapy for STEMI have been reported, demonstrating that cell transplantation is safe and may lead to better preserved LV function. Patients with high risk to develop systolic dysfunction have the potential to benefit more. Larger randomized, double blind and controlled trials to test for the efficacy of cell therapies in patients with high risk for developing heart failure are required.Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)/The Financing Agency for Studies and Projects (FINEP

Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number and Colony-forming Capacity in Overweight and Obese Adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adiposity influences endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number and colony-forming capacity.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of normal weight, overweight and obese adult humans.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-seven sedentary adults (aged 45-65 years): 25 normal weight (body mass index (BMI) or=30 kg/m(2); 18 males/6 females). All participants were non-smokers and free of overt cardiometabolic disease.MEASUREMENTS: Peripheral blood samples were collected and circulating EPC number was assessed by flow cytometry. Putative EPCs were defined as CD45(-)/CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD133(+) or CD45(-)/CD34(+) cells. EPC colony-forming capacity was measured in vitro using a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay.RESULTS: Number of circulating putative EPCs (either CD45(-)/CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+)/CD133(+) or CD45(-)/CD34(+) cells) was lower (P\u3c0.05) in obese (0.0007±0.0001%; 0.050±0.006%) compared with overweight (0.0016±0.0004%; 0.089±0.019%) and normal weight (0.0015±0.0003%; 0.082±0.008%) adults. There were no differences in EPC number between the overweight and normal weight groups. EPC colony-formation was significantly less in the obese (6±1) and overweight (4±1) compared with normal weight (9±2) adults.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that: (1) the number of circulating EPCs is lower in obese compared with overweight and normal weight adults; and (2) EPC colony-forming capacity is blunted in overweight and obese adults compared with normal weight adults. Impairments in EPC number and function may contribute to adiposity-related cardiovascular risk