Observations in equatorial anomaly region of total electron content enhancements and depletions

A GSV 4004A GPS receiver has been operational near the crest of the equatorial anomaly at Udaipur, India for some time now. The receiver provides the line-of-sight total electron content (TEC), the phase and amplitude scintillation index, σ<sub>φ</sub> and <i>S<sub>4</sub></i>, respectively. This paper presents the first results on the nighttime TEC depletions associated with the equatorial spread F in the Indian zone. The TEC depletions are found to be very well correlated with the increased <i>S<sub>4</sub></i> index. A new feature of low-latitude TEC is also reported, concerning the observation of isolated and localized TEC enhancements in the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere. The TEC enhancements are not correlated with the <i>S<sub>4</sub></i> index. The TEC enhancements have also been observed along with the TEC depletions. The TEC enhancements have been interpreted as the manifestation of the plasma density enhancements reported by Le et al. (2003).<br><br> <b>Keywords.</b> Ionosphere (Equatorial ionosphere; Ionospheric irregularities

Longitudinal study of the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm of 15 May 2005 and manifestation of TADs

Response of low latitude ionosphere to the geomagnetic storm of 15 May 2005 has been studied using total electron content (TEC) data, obtained from three GPS stations namely, Yibal, Udaipur and Kunming situated near the northern crest of equatorial ionization anomaly at different longitudes. Solar wind parameters, north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF <I>B</I>_z) and AE index data have been used to infer the strength of the geomagnetic storm. A large value of eastward interplanetary electric field at 06:15 UT, during the time of maximum southward IMF <I>B</I>_z has been used to infer the transmission of an eastward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) which resulted in a peak in TEC at 07:45 UT due to the local uplift of plasma in the low latitudes near the anomaly crest over a wide range of longitudes. Wave-like modulations superposed over the second enhancement in TEC between 09:15 UT to 10:30 UT have been observed at all the three stations. The second enhancement in TEC along with the modulations of up to 5 TECU have been attributed to the combined effect of super plasma fountain and traveling atmospheric disturbances (TAD). Observed large enhancements in TEC are a cause of concern for satellite based navigation and ground positioning. Increased [O/N₂] ratio between 09:15 UT to 10:15 UT when modulations in TEC have been also observed, confirms the presence of TADs over a wide range of longitudes

Large enhancements in low latitude total electron content during 15 May 2005 geomagnetic storm in Indian zone

Results pertaining to the response of the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere to a major geomagnetic storm that occurred on 15 May 2005 are presented. These results are also the first from the Indian zone in terms of (i) GPS derived total electron content (TEC) variations following the storm (ii) Local low latitude electrodynamics response to penetration of high latitude convection electric field (iii) effect of storm induced traveling atmospheric disturbances (TAD&apos;s) on GPS-TEC in equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) zone. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Data set comprising of ionospheric TEC obtained from GPS measurements, ionograms from an EIA zone station, New Delhi (Geog. Lat. 28.42&amp;deg; N, Geog. Long. 77.21&amp;deg; E), ground based magnetometers in equatorial and low latitude stations and solar wind data obtained from Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) has been used in the present study. GPS receivers located at Udaipur (Geog. Lat. 24.73&amp;deg; N, Geog. Long. 73.73&amp;deg; E) and Hyderabad (Geog. Lat. 17.33&amp;deg; N, Geog. Long. 78.47&amp;deg; E) have been used for wider spatial coverage in the Indian zone. Storm induced features in vertical TEC (VTEC) have been obtained comparing them with the mean VTEC of quiet days. Variations in solar wind parameters, as obtained from ACE and in the SYM-H index, indicate that the storm commenced on 15 May 2005 at 02:39 UT. The main phase of the storm commenced at 06:00 UT on 15 May with a sudden southward turning of the Z-component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-&lt;I&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/I&gt;) and subsequent decrease in SYM-H index. The dawn-to-dusk convection electric field of high latitude origin penetrated to low and equatorial latitudes simultaneously as corroborated by the magnetometer data from the Indian zone. Subsequent northward turning of the IMF-&lt;I&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/I&gt;, and the penetration of the dusk-to-dawn electric field over the dip equator is also discernible. Response of the low latitude ionosphere to this storm may be characterized in terms of (i) enhanced background level of VTEC as compared to the mean VTEC, (ii) peaks in VTEC and &lt;I&gt;fo&lt;/I&gt;F2 within two hours of prompt penetration of electric field and (iii) wave-like modulations in VTEC and sudden enhancement in &lt;I&gt;hm&lt;/I&gt;F2 within 4–5 h in to the storm. These features have been explained in terms of the modified fountain effect, local low latitude electrodynamic response to penetration electric field and the TIDs, respectively. The study reveals a strong positive ionospheric storm in the Indian zone on 15 May 2005. Consequences of such major ionospheric storms on the systems that use satellite based navigation solutions in low latitude, are also discussed

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LIPID BASED TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF SILVER SULFADIAZINE FOR TREATMENT OF BURNS AND WOUNDS

Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a novel lipid based film forming gel based on polymer and to investigate its potential as slow-release wound healing vehicle. The lipid based is composed of water soluble gel with model drug (Silver Sulfadiazine) and an egg oil, which acted as a remove scars. The morphology, rheology, mechanical properties, in-vitro drug release profiles were investigated. A smooth film layers was produced. The characterization results showed that film has superior mechanical and rheological properties than the ointment and cream. The lipid based gel treating low suppurating wounds and suitable for slow release application on wound surfaces. The lipid based gel also provided a significant higher healing rate in-vivo, with well-formed epidermis with faster granulation tissue formation when compared to the controls. In conclusions, a novel polymer-based lipid film gel was developed and results suggested that they can be exploited as slow-release wound dressings. Key Words: Wound healings, slow release, silver sulfadiazine and film ge

Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its components in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)

Genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis were estimated among 28 germplasm for 10 characters in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the germplasm lines for number of secondary branches plant-1, number of umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index and oil content, suggesting sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material. The estimates of genotypic coefficient variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) indicated the existence of fairly high degree of variability for seed yield plant-1, oil content, number of umbels plant-1 and harvest index. Lower values of GCV and PCV were recorded in number of umbellets umbel-1 indicating the important role of environment in the expression of the characters. High heritability associated with moderate genetic advance was recorded in traits like harvest index and seed yield plant-1. The association study among characters revealed that seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of umbellets plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of umbellets plant-1 had maximum positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1. &nbsp

A guideline for the outpatient management of glycaemic control in people with cancer

Individuals with cancer are at increased risk of developing new onset diabetes mellitus and hyperglycaemia, and an estimated 20% of people with cancer already have an underlying diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. People with both cancer and diabetes may have an increased risk of toxicities, hospital admissions and morbidity, with hyperglycaemia potentially attenuating the efficacy of chemotherapy often secondary to dose reductions and early cessation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that hyperglycaemia is prognostic of worse overall survival and risk of cancer recurrence. These guidelines aim to provide the oncology/haemato-oncology and diabetes multidisciplinary teams with the tools to manage people with diabetes commencing anti-cancer/ glucocorticoid therapy, as well as identifying individuals without a known diagnosis of diabetes who are at risk of developing hyperglycaemia and new onset diabetes

Dexamethasone therapy in COVID-19 patients:implications and guidance for the management of blood glucose in people with and without diabetes

The RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of COVid-19 thERapY) trial found that dexamethasone 6 mg once per day for 10 days reduced deaths by one-third in ventilated patients and by one-fifth in other patients, receiving oxygen therapy. This equates to the prevention of one death in around eight ventilated patients, or one in around 25 patients requiring oxygen

ESMO-ESGO consensus conference recommendations on ovarian cancer: Pathology and molecular biology, early and advanced stages, borderline tumours and recurrent disease

The development of guidelines is one of the core activities of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and European Society of Gynaecologial Oncology (ESGO), as part of the mission of both societies to improve the quality of care for patients with cancer across Europe. ESMO and ESGO jointly developed clinically-relevant and evidence-based guidelines in several selected areas in order to improve the quality of care for women with ovarian cancer. The ESMO-ESGO consensus conference on ovarian cancer was held on 12-14 April 2018 in Milan, Italy, and comprised a multidisciplinary panel of 40 leading experts in the management of ovarian cancer. Before the conference, the expert panel worked on five clinically relevant questions regarding ovarian cancer relating to each of the following four areas: pathology and molecular biology, early-stage and borderline tumours, advanced stage disease and recurrent disease. Relevant scientific literature, as identified using a systematic search, was reviewed in advance. During the consensus conference, the panel developed recommendations for each specific question and a consensus was reached. The recommendations presented here are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. This article presents the recommendations of this ESMO-ESGO consensus conference, together with a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation