1,890 research outputs found
Debatable land: an essay on the relationship between English and Scottish criminal law
This article proposes that a better understanding of the identity of Scots criminal law can be developed through an analysis of the similarities between English and Scots law rather than by concentrating on the differences. It argues that historically there are striking similarities between the two laws which have been overlooked or ignoredfor various reasons. It goes on to argue that many ofthe current differences between the two laws can be explained in terms of contemporary academic and institutional conditions, and that these offer a betterfoundation on which to construct a principled theoretical understanding of Scots criminal law
Antibody and B cell responses to Plasmodium sporozoites
Antibodies are capable of blocking infection of the liver by Plasmodium sporozoites. Accordingly the induction of anti-sporozoite antibodies is a major aim of various vaccine approaches to malaria. In recent years our knowledge of the specificity and quantities of antibodies required for protection has been greatly expanded by clinical trials of various whole sporozoite and subunit vaccines. Moreover, the development of humanized mouse models and transgenic parasites have also aided our ability to assess the specificity of antibodies and their ability to block infection. Nonetheless, considerable gaps remain in our knowledge - in particular in understanding what antigens are recognized by infection blocking antibodies and in knowing how we can induce robust, long-lived antibody responses. Maintaining high levels of circulating antibodies is likely to be of primary importance, as antibodies must block infection in the short time it takes for sporozoites to reach the liver from the skin. It is clear that a better understanding of the development of protective B cell-mediated immunity will aid the development and refinement of malaria vaccines.The authors acknowledge the support of the Australian National
University and Perpetual Foundation for research in the Cockburn
laboratory
Ab initio methods for finite temperature two-dimensional Bose gases
The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation and modified Popov theory are shown
to provide an ab initio description of finite temperature, weakly-interacting
two-dimensional Bose gas experiments. Using modified Popov theory, a systematic
approach is developed in which the momentum cut-off inherent to classical field
methods is removed as a free parameter. This is shown to yield excellent
agreement with the recent experiment of Hung et al. [Nature, 470, 236 (2011)],
verifying that the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation captures the observed
universality and scale-invariance.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Phase coherence in quasicondensate experiments: an ab initio analysis via the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation
We perform an ab initio analysis of the temperature dependence of the phase
coherence length of finite temperature, quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases
measured in the experiments of Richard et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 010405
(2003)) and Hugbart et al. (Eur. Phys. J. D 35, 155-163 (2005)), finding very
good agreement across the entire observed temperature range
(). Our analysis is based on the one-dimensional stochastic
Gross-Pitaevskii equation, modified to self-consistently account for
transverse, quasi-one-dimensional effects, thus making it a valid model in the
regime . We also numerically implement an
alternative identification of , based on direct analysis of the
distribution of phases in a stochastic treatment.Comment: Amended manuscript with improved agreement to experiment, following
some additional clarifications by Mathilde Hugbart and Fabrice Gerbier and
useful comments by the reviewer; accepted for publication in Physical Review
Quantitative study of quasi-one-dimensional Bose gas experiments via the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation
The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation is shown to be an excellent model
for quasi-one-dimensional Bose gas experiments, accurately reproducing the in
situ density profiles recently obtained in the experiments of Trebbia et al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 250403 (2006)] and van Amerongen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.
100, 090402 (2008)], and the density fluctuation data reported by Armijo et al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 230402 (2010)]. To facilitate such agreement, we propose
and implement a quasi-one-dimensional stochastic equation for the low-energy,
axial modes, while atoms in excited transverse modes are treated as independent
ideal Bose gases.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; updated figures with experimental dat
Sexual violence in Iraq: Challenges for transnational feminist politics
The article discusses sexual violence by ISIS against women in Iraq, particularly Yezidi women, against the historical background of broader sexual and gender-based violence. It intervenes in feminist debates about how to approach and analyse sexual and wider gender-based violence in Iraq specifically and the Middle East more generally. Recognizing the significance of positionality, the article argues against dichotomous positions and for the need to look at both macrostructural configurations of power pertaining to imperialism, neoliberalism and globalization on the one hand, and localized
expressions of patriarchy, religious interpretations and practices and cultural norms on the other hand. Finally, the article reflects on the question of what a transnational feminist solidarity might look like in relation to sexual violence by ISIS
Tutorial on Hybridizable Discontinous Galerkin (HDG) for second-order elliptic problems
The HDG is a new class of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods that shares favorable properties with classical mixed methods such as the well known Raviart-Thomas methods. In particular, HDG provides optimal convergence of both the primal and the dual variables of the mixed formulation. This property enables the construction of superconvergent solutions, contrary to other popular DG methods. In addition, its reduced computational cost, compared to other DG methods, has made HDG an attractive alternative for solving problems governed by partial differential equations. A tutorial on HDG for the numerical solution of second-order elliptic problems is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on providing all the necessary details for the implementation of HDG methods.Peer ReviewedPreprin
Matter-wave dark solitons: stochastic vs. analytical results
The dynamics of dark matter-wave solitons in elongated atomic condensates are
discussed at finite temperatures. Simulations with the stochastic
Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveal a noticeable, experimentally observable spread
in individual soliton trajectories, attributed to inherent fluctuations in both
phase and density of the underlying medium. Averaging over a number of such
trajectories (as done in experiments) washes out such background fluctuations,
revealing a well-defined temperature-dependent temporal growth in the
oscillation amplitude. The average soliton dynamics is well captured by the
simpler dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation, both numerically and via an
analytically-derived equation for the soliton center based on perturbation
theory for dark solitons.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Added several reference
Fluctuating and dissipative dynamics of dark solitons in quasi-condensates
The fluctuating and dissipative dynamics of matter-wave dark solitons within
harmonically trapped, partially condensed Bose gases is studied both
numerically and analytically. A study of the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii
equation, which correctly accounts for density and phase fluctuations at finite
temperatures, reveals dark soliton decay times to be lognormally distributed at
each temperature, thereby characterizing the previously predicted long lived
soliton trajectories within each ensemble of numerical realizations (S.P.
Cockburn {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 174101 (2010)). Expectation values
for the average soliton lifetimes extracted from these distributions are found
to agree well with both numerical and analytic predictions based upon the
dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii model (with the same {\it ab initio} damping).
Probing the regime for which , we find average
soliton lifetimes to scale with temperature as , in agreement
with predictions previously made for the low-temperature regime .
The model is also shown to capture the experimentally-relevant decrease in the
visibility of an oscillating soliton due to the presence of background
fluctuations.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure
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