Cold black holes and conformal continuations

We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These ``scalar black holes'' have an infinite horizon area and zero Hawking temperature and are termed ``cold black holes'' (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well-known in the massless case (the so-called anti-Fisher solution), and we have found a particular example of a CBH with a nonzero potential $V(\phi)$. All CBHs with $V(\phi) \not \equiv 0$ are shown to behave near the horizon quite similarly to those with a massless field. The above solutions can be converted by a conformal transformation to Jordan frames of a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but CBH horizons in one frame are in many cases converted to singularities in the other, which gives rise to a new type of conformal continuation.Comment: 15 pages, late

ТРАВМА ОРБИТЫ: СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЕЕ ИСХОДОВ

Functional assessment of visual system in orbital traumas is very important both for practical treatment and in further forensic medical examination of victims. The aim of our clinical studies was to reason the differentiated approach in determining the severity of harm to the health in case of orbital trauma combined with mild craniocerebral injury. Thirty-four patients with orbital trauma have been studied within a period of 3 weeks — 2.5 months after the injury. A comprehensive check of the ophthalmologic status as performed including standard and precise methods of testing the retina and the optic nerve. An overall examination allowed to exclude eye disorders in patients with orbital trauma combined with mild craniocerebral injury, which provided an objective approach in determining the severity of harm caused to the health.Оценка функционального состояния зрительного анализатора при травмах орбиты весьма важна как для практической врачебной работы, так и для последующей судебно-медицинской экспертизы пострадавших. Клинические исследования были проведены с целью обоснования дифференцированного подхода к квалификации степени вреда здоровью при травме орбиты в сочетании с черепно-мозговой травмой (ЧМТ) легкой степени тяжести. Обследованы 34 пациента с травмой орбиты в сроки от 3 нед до 2,5 мес после травмы, проведена комплексная оценка офтальмологического статуса с использованием стандартных и высокоточных методов оценки состояния сетчатки и зрительного нерва. Комплексное обследование пациентов позволило исключить наличие патологии органа зрения при травме орбиты, сочетанной с ЧМТ легкой степени тяжести, что должно обеспечить объективный подход в квалификации степени тяжести вреда здоровью

The phase space view of f(R) gravity

We study the geometry of the phase space of spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker models in f(R) gravity, for a general form of the function f(R). The equilibrium points (de Sitter spaces) and their stability are discussed, and a comparison is made with the phase space of the equivalent scalar-tensor theory. New effective Lagrangians and Hamiltonians are also presented.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, published in Classical and Quantum Gravity; references adde

ЭПЛАН (МАЗЬ, РАСТВОР) – НОВЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ ДЛЯ МЕСТНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИИ КОЖИ И МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ В МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОМ СТАЦИОНАРЕ

The paper presents the results of a multicenter postmarketing clinical laboratory study of Eplan ointment and eplan solution for the topical treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in outpatient, inpatient, and field settings. The results of the study in 793 patients with skin and soft tissue infections of different locations and genesis demonstrate the high clinical efficacy of the medicaments along with their easy-to-use formulation and economic availability. В статье представлены результаты постмаркетингового многоцентрового клинико-лабораторного исследования препаратов Эплан мазь и Эплан раствор, предназначенных для местного лечения инфекции кожи и мягких тканей (ИКМТ) в амбулаторных, стационарных и военно-полевых условиях. Результаты проведенного исследования у 793 больных с ИКМТ различной локализации и генеза демонстрируют высокую клиническую эффективность препаратов наряду с их удобной лекарственной формой и экономической доступностью.

Corneal Stromal Opacities Accompanied by Hyperopia and Irregular Astigmatism: Two-Step Technology of the Clinical Rehabilitation

Purpose: to identify risk factors for the development of asthenopic syndrome (AS) in patients with moderate to high myopia after keratorefractive surgery (KRS).Materials and methods. 122 patients (244 eyes) with medium and high myopia underwent a standard pre-operative examination of patients before KRS. The special methods of examinations were the study of reserves of relative accommodation (RRA) and the volume of absolute accommodation (VAA), and the accomodomography; the vision characteristics was determined on a four-point color test by E.B. Belostotsky, S.Y. Friedman at distances of 5.00 and 0.33 m, fusional reserves — with synoptophor. Patients survey was held with CISS questionnaire to detect the presence of AS.Results: There were no complications after KRS in all cases. Uncorrected visual acuity was the same or higher than maximal corrected before surgery in 1 week after KRS. Patents were divided into 2 groups according to results of CISS survey: 88% — without AS, 12% — with signs of AS. Retrospective analysis of pre-operative data of the patients with AS has shown that a combination of an absence of binocular vision with a pronounced decrease in fusion reserves, reserves of relative accommodation and volume of absolute accommodation is prognostically unfavorable factors in patients with myopia.Conclusion: All patients with moderate and high myopia have the refractive errors, there is no binocular vision in 12.3% patients. More significant errors of accommodation and binocular function were registered in patients with postoperative AS vs. patients without AS. Low fusion reserves and absence of binocular vision don’t allow to adopt for KRS results. This group of patients should be separated for pre-operative functional preparation

Cold black holes and conformal continuations

We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These "scalar black holes" have an infinite horizon area and zero Hawking temperature and are termed "cold black holes" (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well known in the massless case (the so-called anti-Fisher solution), and we have found a particular example of a CBH with a nonzero potential V(φ). All CBHs with V(φ) ≢ 0 are shown to behave near the horizon, quite similarly to those with a massless field. The above solutions can be converted by a conformal transformation to Jordan frames of a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but CBH horizons in one frame are in many cases converted to singularities in the other, which gives rise to a new type of conformal continuation. © 2008 World Scientific Publishing Company

ORBITAL TRAUMA: MEDICO-LEGAL ASSESMENT OF ITS OUTCOMES

Functional assessment of visual system in orbital traumas is very important both for practical treatment and in further forensic medical examination of victims. The aim of our clinical studies was to reason the differentiated approach in determining the severity of harm to the health in case of orbital trauma combined with mild craniocerebral injury. Thirty-four patients with orbital trauma have been studied within a period of 3 weeks — 2.5 months after the injury. A comprehensive check of the ophthalmologic status as performed including standard and precise methods of testing the retina and the optic nerve. An overall examination allowed to exclude eye disorders in patients with orbital trauma combined with mild craniocerebral injury, which provided an objective approach in determining the severity of harm caused to the health