On road experimental tests of hydrogen/natural gas blends on transit buses

The promise of reducing harmful and CO(2) emissions by focusing on hydrogen-methane blends (HCNG) have recently attracted the interest of vehicle manufacturers and transport operators. Several experiments have been conducted in laboratory facilities to assess the potential of HCNG blends in order to decrease the exhaust emissions. This paper reports the results of experimental tests performed at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center aiming to evaluate the energy and environmental performances of a CNG vehicle when fuelled with a hydrogen-methane blend. Two buses for urban transit service were fuelled with HCNG blends with different percentage of hydrogen (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of hydrogen by volume). A 100% methane gas was used as reference to compare the advantages and disadvantages that can be derived from the use of HCNG blends. Road tests have been carried out by running fixed tracks, which are representative of urban and suburban driving cycles. Vehicles were powered with a lean burn engine whose setup - based on ignition advance angle, has been tuned for controlling the NO(x) emissions. CO(2) emissions have been investigated to evaluate the leverage effect based on an increased CO(2) reduction resulting from an increased engine efficiency

Installation, Commissioning and Start Up of RFX

The reverse field experiment RFX has been operating since the end of 1991. The paper, after a brief description of the load assembly, presents the most significant aspects of the assembly phase and discusses methods and results of the final tests, carried out before the first plasma. Finally, the machine behaviour during the first experimental phase is described

Hospital hygiene and infection prevention and control in Italy: State of the art and perspectives

Although hospital hygiene has a long history in Italy it is necessary to reflect about it because of the innovation in healthcare systems and because of the evolution due to European Union related activities. Different traditions exist in European countries about hospital hygiene and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) adopted the term of "infection control and hospital hygiene" which includes all the engaged European healthcare professionals. We propose to modify hospital hygiene as "healthcare organisation hygiene" in order to focalise the attention to all care settings not only hospitals and to adopt the following definition: "all activities aimed to guarantee, in an appropriate, scientifically sound and efficient way, that structures and processes support healthcare practices in a safe comfortable and healthy environment both for patients, caregivers and healthcare workers". Hospital hygiene and its professionals, besides the long tradition, still remain a relevant pillar in guaranteeing quality and safety of healthcare in Italy

Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention and Control in Italy: state of the art and perspectives.

none80Although hospital hygiene has a long history in Italy it is necessary to reflect about it because of the innovation in healthcare systems and because of the evolution due to European Union related activities. Different traditions exist in European countries about hospital hygiene and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) adopted the term of "infection control and hospital hygiene" which includes all the engaged European healthcare professionals. We propose to modify hospital hygiene as "healthcare organisation hygiene" in order to focalise the attention to all care settings not only hospitals and to adopt the following definition: "all activities aimed to guarantee, in an appropriate, scientifically sound and efficient way, that structures and processes support healthcare practices in a safe comfortable and healthy environment both for patients, caregivers and healthcare workers". Hospital hygiene and its professionals, besides the long tradition, still remain a relevant pillar in guaranteeing quality and safety of healthcare in Italy.noneBrusaferro S, Arnoldo L, Finzi G, Mura I, Auxilia F, Pasquarella C, Agodi A; C. Arrigoni, M. Barchitta, G. Calella, B. Casini, M.L. Cristina, MM D’Errico, P. Laurenti, M.D. Masia, M.T. Montagna, I. Mura, G. Olivieri, A. Orsi, G.B. Orsi, L. Pesapane, G. Ripabelli, L. Sodano, R. Squeri, V. Teti, M.V. Torregrossa, E. Torri, R. Zarrilli, B.M. Are, A. Brighenti, S. Mascipinto, S. Iannazzo, F.P. D’Ancona, G. Sessa, A. Motta, R., Appignanesi, F. Argiolas, T. Baldovin, A. Bargellini, S. Berdini, G. Boccia, G. Calagreti, T. Caldarulo, F. Campanella, R. Chiesa, V. Ciorba, R. Contrisciani, D. D’Alessandro, O. De Giglio, L. Fabiani, G.M. Fara, G. Giuliani, P. Laganà, A. Marani, A.R. Mattaliano, A. Molino, M. Montesano, F. Moretti, M. Moro, U. Moscato, C. Napoli, N. Nicolotti, M. Nobile, R. Novati, F. Palumbo, A. Piana, G. Privitera, E. Prospero, A. Quattrocchi, E. Righi, V. Romano Spica, F. Rossi, A. Rossini, S. Schieppati, G. Sotgiu, S. Tardivo, I. Torre, F. Valeriani, L. Veronesi, C. Zotti.S, Brusaferro; L, Arnoldo; G, Finzi; I, Mura; F, Auxilia; C, Pasquarella; A, Agodi; Arrigoni, C.; Barchitta, M.; Calella, G.; Casini, B.; Cristina, M. L.; D’Errico, Mm; Laurenti, P.; Masia, M. D.; Montagna, M. T.; Mura, I.; Olivieri, G.; Orsi, A.; Orsi, G. B.; Pesapane, L.; Ripabelli, G.; Sodano, L.; Squeri, R.; Teti, V.; Torregrossa, M. V.; Torri, E.; Zarrilli, R.; Are, B. M.; Brighenti, A.; Mascipinto, S.; Iannazzo, S.; D’Ancona, F. P.; Sessa, G.; Motta, A.; Appignanesi, R.; Argiolas, F.; Baldovin, T.; Bargellini, A.; Berdini, S.; Boccia, G.; Calagreti, G.; Caldarulo, T.; Campanella, F.; Chiesa, R.; Ciorba, V.; Contrisciani, R.; D’Alessandro, D.; De Giglio, O.; Fabiani, L.; Fara, G. M.; Giuliani, G.; Laganà, P.; Marani, A.; Mattaliano, A. R.; Molino, A.; Montesano, M.; Moretti, F.; Moro, M.; Moscato, U.; Napoli, C.; Nicolotti, N.; Nobile, M.; Novati, R.; Palumbo, F.; Piana, A.; Privitera, G.; Prospero, E.; Quattrocchi, A.; Righi, E.; Romano Spica, V.; Rossi, F.; Rossini, A.; Schieppati, S.; Sotgiu, G.; Tardivo, S.; Torre, I.; Valeriani, F.; Veronesi, L.; Zotti., C