3,947 research outputs found
Achievable Qubit Rates for Quantum Information Wires
Suppose Alice and Bob have access to two separated regions, respectively, of
a system of electrons moving in the presence of a regular one-dimensional
lattice of binding atoms. We consider the problem of communicating as much
quantum information, as measured by the qubit rate, through this quantum
information wire as possible. We describe a protocol whereby Alice and Bob can
achieve a qubit rate for these systems which is proportional to N^(-1/3) qubits
per unit time, where N is the number of lattice sites. Our protocol also
functions equally in the presence of interactions modelled via the t-J and
Hubbard models
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The impact of government targets on waiting times for elective surgery: new insights from time-to-event analysis
Creep and Environmental Durability of EBC/CMCs Under Imposed Thermal Gradient Conditions
Interest in SiC fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems for use in high temperature structural applications has prompted the need for characterization of material strength and creep performance under complex aerospace turbine engine environments. Stress-rupture tests have been performed on SiC/SiC composites systems, with varying fiber types and coating schemes to demonstrate material behavior under isothermal conditions. Further testing was conducted under exposure to thermal stress gradients to determine the effect on creep resistance and material durability. In order to understand the associated damage mechanisms, emphasis is placed on experimental techniques as well as implementation of non-destructive evaluation; including electrical resistivity monitoring. The influence of environmental and loading conditions on life-limiting material properties is shown
Environmental Durability and Stress Rupture of EBC/CMCs
This research focuses on the strength and creep performance of SiC fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems under complex simulated engine environments. Tensile-strength and stress-rupture testing was conducted to illustrate the material properties under isothermal and thermal gradient conditions. To determine material durability, further testing was conducted under exposure to thermal cycling, thermal gradients and simulated combustion environments. Emphasis is placed on experimental techniques as well as implementation of non-destructive evaluation, including modal acoustic emission and electrical resistivity monitoring, to characterize strength degradation and damage mechanisms. Currently, little is known about the behavior of EBC-CMCs under these conditions; consequently, this work will prove invaluable in the development of structural components for use in high temperature applications
The resummation of inter-jet energy flow for gaps-between-jets processes at HERA
We calculate resummed perturbative predictions for gaps-between-jets
processes and compare to HERA data. Our calculation of this non-global
observable needs to include the effects of primary gluon emission (global
logarithms) and secondary gluon emission (non-global logarithms) to be correct
at the leading logarithm (LL) level. We include primary emission by calculating
anomalous dimension matrices for the geometry of the specific event definitions
and estimate the effect of non-global logarithms in the large limit. The
resulting predictions for energy flow observables are consistent with
experimental data.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Retrodictively Optimal Localisations in Phase Space
In a previous paper it was shown that the distribution of measured values for
a retrodictively optimal simultaneous measurement of position and momentum is
always given by the initial state Husimi function. This result is now
generalised to retrodictively optimal simultaneous measurements of an arbitrary
pair of rotated quadratures x_theta1 and x_theta2. It is shown, that given any
such measurement, it is possible to find another such measurement,
informationally equivalent to the first, for which the axes defined by the two
quadratures are perpendicular. It is further shown that the distribution of
measured values for such a meaurement belongs to the class of generalised
Husimi functions most recently discussed by Wuensche and Buzek. The class
consists of the subset of Wodkiewicz's operational probability distributions
for which the filter reference state is a squeezed vaccuum state.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. AMS Latex. Replaced with published versio
Cancer incidence in British vegetarians
Background:
Few prospective studies have examined cancer incidence among vegetarians.
Methods:
We studied 61 566 British men and women, comprising 32 403 meat eaters, 8562 non-meat eaters who did eat fish ('fish eaters') and 20 601 vegetarians. After an average follow-up of 12.2 years, there were 3350 incident cancers of which 2204 were among meat eaters, 317 among fish eaters and 829 among vegetarians. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by Cox regression, stratified by sex and recruitment protocol and adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity level and, for women only, parity and oral contraceptive use.
Results:
There was significant heterogeneity in cancer risk between groups for the following four cancer sites: stomach cancer, RRs (compared with meat eaters) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.07–1.20) in fish eaters and 0.36 (0.16–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; ovarian cancer, RRs of 0.37 (0.18–0.77) in fish eaters and 0.69 (0.45–1.07) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.007; bladder cancer, RRs of 0.81 (0.36–1.81) in fish eaters and 0.47 (0.25–0.89) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.05; and cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues, RRs of 0.85 (0.56–1.29) in fish eaters and 0.55 (0.39–0.78) in vegetarians, P for heterogeneity=0.002. The RRs for all malignant neoplasms were 0.82 (0.73–0.93) in fish eaters and 0.88 (0.81–0.96) in vegetarians (P for heterogeneity=0.001).
Conclusion:
The incidence of some cancers may be lower in fish eaters and vegetarians than in meat eaters
Mutually unbiased bases: tomography of spin states and star-product scheme
Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are considered within the framework of a
generic star-product scheme. We rederive that a full set of MUBs is adequate
for a spin tomography, i.e. knowledge of all probabilities to find a system in
each MUB-state is enough for a state reconstruction. Extending the ideas of the
tomographic-probability representation and the star-product scheme to
MUB-tomography, dequantizer and quantizer operators for MUB-symbols of spin
states and operators are introduced, ordinary and dual star-product kernels are
found. Since MUB-projectors are to obey specific rules of the star-product
scheme, we reveal the Lie algebraic structure of MUB-projectors and derive new
relations on triple- and four-products of MUB-projectors. Example of qubits is
considered in detail. MUB-tomography by means of Stern-Gerlach apparatus is
discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 1 table, partially presented at the 17th Central European
Workshop on Quantum Optics (CEWQO'2010), June 6-11, 2010, St. Andrews,
Scotland, U
Husimi Transform of an Operator Product
It is shown that the series derived by Mizrahi, giving the Husimi transform
(or covariant symbol) of an operator product, is absolutely convergent for a
large class of operators. In particular, the generalized Liouville equation,
describing the time evolution of the Husimi function, is absolutely convergent
for a large class of Hamiltonians. By contrast, the series derived by
Groenewold, giving the Weyl transform of an operator product, is often only
asymptotic, or even undefined. The result is used to derive an alternative way
of expressing expectation values in terms of the Husimi function. The advantage
of this formula is that it applies in many of the cases where the anti-Husimi
transform (or contravariant symbol) is so highly singular that it fails to
exist as a tempered distribution.Comment: AMS-Latex, 13 page
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