Testing the Kerr nature of intermediate-mass and supermassive black hole binaries using spin-induced multipole moment measurements

The gravitational wave measurements of spin-induced multipole moment coefficients of a binary black hole system can be used to distinguish black holes from other compact objects [N. V. Krishnendu et al., PRL 119, 091101 (2017)]. Here, we apply the idea proposed in [N. V. Krishnendu et al., PRL 119, 091101 (2017)] to binary systems composed of intermediate-mass and supermassive black holes and derive the expected bounds on their Kerr nature using future space-based gravitational wave detectors. Using astrophysical models of binary black hole population, we study the measurability of the spin-induced quadrupole and octupole moment coefficients using LISA and DECIGO. The errors on spin-induced quadrupole moment parameter of the binary system are found to be { $\leq 0.1$ for almost $3\%$ of the total supermassive binary black hole population which is detectable by LISA whereas it is $\sim 46\%$ for the intermediate-mass black hole binaries observable by DECIGO at its design sensitivity.} We find that { errors on} {\it both} the quadrupole and octupole moment parameters can be estimated to { be} $\leq 1$ for $\sim 2\%$ and $\sim 50\%$ {of the population} respectively for LISA and DECIGO detectors. { Our findings suggest that a subpopulation of binary black hole events, with the signal to noise ratio thresholds greater than 200 and 100 respectively for LISA and DECIGO detectors, would permit tests of black hole nature to 10\% precision.}Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

HER2/neu immunohistochemical expression in gastric carcinoma

Background: Gastric carcinoma is a deadly disease with high mortality. A better understanding of the molecular basis of gastric cancer has contributed to the development of rationally designed molecular targeted therapies which will improve the survival rate. A genetic alteration that could help in targeted therapy and prognostication includes Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/neu) overexpression in gastric carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to identify and evaluate the HER2/neu protein immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer from biopsies and surgical resection specimens and to evaluate their correlation with histopathological features.Methods: Total/subtotal gastrectomy specimens and gastric biopsies from a tertiary care center in South India were included in the study and assessed by light microscopy and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: HER2/neu overexpression was seen in 28.6% of gastric adenocarcinoma. HER2/neu overexpression was seen in 44.2% of intestinal-type and 20% of mixed type with none of the diffuse type exhibited HER2/neu positivity and this was statistically highly significant with p value of <0.01. HER2/neu positivity was found in 50% well-differentiated and 36.4% moderately differentiated tumors with none of the poorly differentiated tumors exhibiting HER2/neu positivity and this was statistically highly significant with p value of <0.01.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of the identification of HER2/neu overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. This will help in prognostication and identifying patients suitable for novel therapeutic interventions which will help in prolongation of survival of patients with this deadly disease

Mirror neurons and their role in communication

Actions done by others are probably the most important stimuli of our lives. Most of others’ actions do not convey intentional information to the observer. From them, however, we understand   what others are doing and we can infer why they are doing it. This involuntary communication is fundamental for interpersonal relations, and is at the basis of social life. What is the mechanism underlying our capacity to understand others’ actions? The traditional view is that actions done by others are understood in the same way as other visual stimuli. Thus, action understanding is based on the visual analysis of the different elements that form an action. For example, when we observe a girl picking up a flower, the analyzed elements would be her hand, the flower, and the movement of the hand towards the flower. The association of these elements and inferences about their interaction enables the observer to understand the witnessed action. The discovery of neurons that code selectively biological motion has better specified the neural basis of this   recognition mechanism. These theoretical considerations received strong support from the discovery that in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey there is a particular set of neurons that discharge both when the monkey observes a given motor act and when it does the same act. These neurons called “mirror neurons,” represent a system that directly matches observed and executed actions

Urinary calcium to creatinine ratio to predict preeclampsia and use of calcium supplementation to prevent preeclampsia

Background: Incidence of preeclampsia is around 5-10% of all pregnancies, and in developing countries around 4-18%. There is hypercalciuria during normal pregnancy, while pre-eclampsia is associated with hypocalciuria and low urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. Low calcium intake has been hypothesized to cause increase in blood pressure. The present study was carried out to investigate significance of urinary CCR in prediction of preeclampsia & role of calcium supplementation in reducing preeclampsia.Methods: 100 pregnant patients were divided into two groups, 50 cases and 50 controls. A spot urine sample was collected for estimation of CCR at around gestational age of 20-24 weeks. Cases were given 2 gm of calcium supplementation. Controls were 1 gm calcium .Then at each visit both the groups, were evaluated for symptoms of preeclampsia. Urinary calcium to creatinine ratio was calculated and those with ratio 0.04 were considered test negative.Results: The test (urinary CCR 0.04) in 84 patients and in those only 5 developed pre eclampsia. Urinary CCR had sensitivity of 63.63%, specificity of 94.87%. Out of 50 cases, only 3 developed preeclampsia. Out 0f 50 controls, 11 developed preeclampsia.Conclusions: Urinary CCR between 20-24wks of gestation will be an effective screening method for impending pre-eclampsia. Calcium supplementation (2gms/day) can help in prevention of preeclampsia

Controlling the Morphology of Aggregates of an Amphiphilic Synthetic Receptor through Host-Guest Interactions

A new amphiphilic receptor containing a macrocyclic anionic headgroup and a single alkyl chain was prepared through an efficient templated synthesis. The interdependence of the aggregation behavior and the host-guest chemistry was studied. In the absence of any guest the terminus of the alkyl chain of the receptor is included inside the hydrophobic cavity of the macrocycle (as evident from 1H NMR studies) leading to self-assembly into micrometer-long nanotubes (as evident from TEM studies). The alkyl chain can be displaced by an acridizinium bromide guest (as evident from 1H NMR and ITC), which leads to a dramatic change in aggregate size and morphology (as evident from DLS). Studies of the solubilization of Nile red suggest that the resulting aggregates are micelles with a cmc of around 35 µM. These results represent a new addition to the still small number of water-soluble amphiphilic receptors and one of the first examples in which specific host-guest chemistry controls the size and shape of nanoscale aggregates.

Complex macroevolutionary dynamics underly the evolution of the crocodyliform skull

All modern crocodyliforms (alligators, crocodiles and the gharial) are semi-aquatic generalist carnivores that are relatively similar in cranial form and function. However, this homogeneity represents just a fraction of the variation that once existed in the clade, which includes extinct herbivorous and marine forms with divergent skull structure and function. Here, we use high-dimensional three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify whole-skull morphology across modern and fossil crocodyliforms to untangle the factors that shaped the macroevolutionary history and relatively low phenotypic variation of this clade through time. Evolutionary modelling demonstrates that the pace of crocodyliform cranial evolution is initially high, particularly in the extinct Notosuchia, but slows near the base of Neosuchia, with a late burst of rapid evolution in crown-group crocodiles. Surprisingly, modern crocodiles, especially Australian, southeast Asian, Indo-Pacific species, have high rates of evolution, despite exhibiting low variation. Thus, extant lineages are not in evolutionary stasis but rather have rapidly fluctuated within a limited region of morphospace, resulting in significant convergence. The structures related to jaw closing and bite force production (e.g. pterygoid flange and quadrate) are highly variable, reinforcing the importance of function in driving phenotypic variation. Together, these findings illustrate that the apparent conservativeness of crocodyliform skulls betrays unappreciated complexity in their macroevolutionary dynamics.Fil: Felice, Ryan N.. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Natural History Museum; Reino UnidoFil: Pol, Diego. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Goswami, Anjali. Natural History Museum; Reino Unid

SECURE DEDUP WITH ENCRYPTED DATA

Cloud computing is one of the way of service provision over the internet today. Cloud computing is the developing a next level from the last decades. One of the drawbacks, cloud storage is a privacy security at the CSP. So, the chunks users stored by the encrypted data for the purpose of security. Cloud storage vendors which allow to decreases chunked data and more efficient storage saver. One of the best techniques is deduplication, duplicate data is stored only once .In this paper, propose a checksum algorithm for distributing objects to agents, in a way that improves our chances of identifying a leaker. We evaluate its performance based on effective and efficient storage level. Its support data access control and revocation at the same time