Этика и этикет

The article attempts to differentiate and even contrast the two different models of moral thinking and behavior. One of them considered morality as strict and even rigorist following etiquette - rules, rituals, commandments, laws, canons. Breach of the etiquette or neglecting it is considered unethical, a manifestation of immorality, wickedness. Thus, etiquette and morality are identified. Such a conception of morality results from the ethical paradigm of Aristotle. But there is another, opposite paradigm - the ethics of Kant, in which morality is understood not as a form of behavior, but as an ontological entity. And in this (Kantian) moral paradigm etiquette has only to a service value.В статье предпринята попытка разграничения двух различных моделей нравственного мышления и поведения. Одна из них под нравственностью понимает строгое и даже ригористичное следование этикету - нормам, ритуалу, заповедям, законам, канонам. Нарушение этикета или пренебрежение им считается неэтичным, проявлением безнравственности, аморальности. Таким образом, этикет и нравственность отождествляются. Подобное понимание нравственности имеет своим истоком этическую парадигму Аристотеля. Но существует и иная, противоположная парадигма - этика И. Канта, в которой нравственность понимается не как форма поведения, а как онтологическая сущность. И в этой (кантовской) нравственной парадигме этикету придаётся лишь служебное значение

Dibenzo[ f,h]furazano[3,4- b]quinoxalines: Synthesis by Intramolecular Cyclization through Direct Transition Metal-Free C-H Functionalization and Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Charge Mobility Characterization

Herein, we describe the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted dibenzo[f,h]furazano[3,4-b]quinoxalines by intramolecular cyclization through direct transition metal-free C-H functionalization. The electrochemical and photophysical properties for several polycycles have been measured. In thin films of the dibenzo[f,h]furazano[3,4-b]quinoxalines, hole mobility is in the order of 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. The results show that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels are appropriate for using the compounds as hole-transport materials in thin-film devices, in particular, organic and perovskite solar cells. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-33-00103-mol_aRussian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-13-00409The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 18-13-00409). Y.A.K would like to acknowledge the financial support for the part of the synthetic section from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (research project no. 18-33-00103-mol_a). The authors are grateful to Grigory A. Kim for carrying out the DFT calculations, which were performed by using “Uran” supercomputer of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. NMR experiments were carried out by using equipment of the Center for Joint Use “Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds” at the Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Космическая философия Н.К. Рериха как основа духовного преображения человека

The article discusses the cosmic worldview N.K. Roerich's philosophical doctrine Living Ethics and its role in the spiritual and moral, cultural transformation and human development, and the relationship of Personal Progress and outer universe and search for conformities between the problems of morality and the laws of the outer space.В статье рассматривается космическое мировоззрение Н.К. Рериха, философское учение Живая Этика и его роль в духовно-нравственном, культурном преображении и развитии человека, а также взаимосвязь личности и космического мироздания и поиск соответствий между проблемами морали и законами космоса

Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

Paramecium (Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. How-ever, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within Paramecium could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain. In the present study, we provide the morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species. While Paramecium lynni n. sp., although morphologically similar to P. multimicronucleatum, is phylogenetically well separated from all other Paramecium species, Paramecium fokini n. sp. appears to be a cryptic sister species to P. multimicronucleatum. The latter two species can be distinguished only by molecular methods. The number and structure of micronuclei, traditionally utilized to discriminate species in Paramecium, vary not only between but also within each of the three studied species and, thus, cannot be considered a reliable feature for species identification. The geographic distribution of the P. multimicronucleatum and P. fokini n. sp. strains do not show defined patterns, still leaving space for a role of the geographic factor in initial speciation in Paramecium. Future findings of new Paramecium species can be predicted from the molecular data, while morphological characteristics appear to be unstable and overlapping at least in some species

The change in the inclination angle of the non-eclipsing binary SS Lacertae: future eclipses

Eclipses in the 14.4-day period double-lined binary SS Lac were observed photographically and visually early in the 20th century, but stopped some 50 or 60 years ago. This has been explained by the presence of a distant third star in the system, which has now been detected spectroscopically with a period of 679 days. The plane of the orbit of the binary is changing relative to the line of sight in response to perturbations from this third object. A recent analysis by Milone et al. (M00) of all photometric material available for the system, including a re-measurement of original Harvard plates, has confirmed earlier reports of changes in the depth of the eclipses as a function of time, which are due to the third star. In this paper we discuss our detailed analysis of the eclipse amplitude measurements, and extract from them information on the change in the inclination angle of the binary over the last century. Our use of a much improved ephemeris for the system by Torres & Stefanik was found to be crucial, and prompted us to re-determine all the amplitudes from the historical data at our disposal, including the Harvard material used by M00. Systematically lower measurements on the branches of the minima were properly accounted for, and we made use of both a linear approximation to the time variation of the inclination angle and a more realistic model based on the theory of three-body interactions ("regression of the nodes" effect). The nodal cycle is found to be about 600 yr, within which TWO eclipse "seasons" occur, each lasting about 100 yr. The non-eclipsing status of the system is expected to continue until the beginning of the 23rd century.Comment: 32 pages, including figures and tables. Accepted for The Astronomical Journal, April 200

Этика маркетинга в России

В данной статье рассматриваются главные тенденции, методы и особенности этики современного маркетинга в России и историческое влияние на ее развитие, а также приводится анализ проблем социального маркетинга в отечественных компаниях.The article considers the main trends, methods and features of ethics of modern marketing in Russia, and the influence of history on its development. Also, the analysis of problems of ethical marketing in the domestic companies is carried out

On the Issue of Universal Practical Skills of Teachers of Secondary Vocational Education

В условиях массовой цифровизации и четвертой промышленной революции перед системой среднего профессионального образования (СПО) в Российской Федерации стоят задачи по подготовке специалистов, готовых к будущим изменениям в профессиональной сфере. В статье рассматриваются универсальные навыки, необходимые педагогам СПО для создания эффективного образовательного процесса при подготовке специалистов рабочих профессий. Авторы выделяют такие ключевые фигуры процесса обучения как педагог теоретического обучения и мастер производственного обучения и обосновывают необходимость профессионального взаимодействия между специалистами.In the context of mass digitalization and the fourth industrial revolution, the system of secondary vocational education (SVE) in the Russian Federation is faced with the task of training specialists who are ready for future changes in the professional field. The article discusses the universal skills necessary for teachers of secondary vocational education to create an effective educational process in the preparation of blue-collar workers. The authors identify such key figures in the learning process as a teacher of theoretical training and a master of industrial training and substantiate the need for professional interaction between specialists

Assessment of the Macro-and Microelement Composition of Fly Ash from 50-Year-Old Ash Dumps in the Middle Urals (Russia)

The paper considers the macro-and micro-element composition of two ash dumps in the Middle Urals, where meadow and forest communities have been spontaneously forming for 50 years, as well as the effect of the plants on the changing composition of the ash. Higher contents of Cu, Co, Sn, Ga, and Yb were found in the deep ash layers of both dumps, while in the upper 20-cm layer, the trace element composition depended on the influence of different plant communities. Higher contents of Sr, Cr, Ni, Sn, and Co were revealed under meadows, and Ba, Zr, and La were found under the forest. The levels of element accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts of dominant plants were revealed. Increased content of Be, Ce, Ga, La, Sc, Y, and Yb was detected in areas where meadow plants were dominant and Zn and Ba in forest areas. The toxic elements Cd and Pb were highly accumulated in both communities, whereas Co was found only in meadows. The studied materials can serve as a base to assess the feasibility of processing and/or utilizing fly ash from ash dumps in the Middle Urals and similar ash dumps in other regions situated in the southern taiga. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [project number 121031700309-1 in ISSA SB RAS and project number FEUZ-2021-0014 in URFU]