Epidemiological significance of chronic pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, and rhinitis in Moscow and the Russian Federation in 1996 to 2009

Objective: to study trends in the incidence and prevalence of chronic pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, and rhinitis (CPNSR) in differentage groups in Moscow and the Russian Federation (RF) in the period 1996 to 2009.Materials and methods. The epidemic significance of CPNSR in Moscow and the RF was estimated, by analyzing the records available in the annual official statistical sources (Form No. 12).Results. The incidence of CPNSR in Moscow in the study period remains lower than those in the RF. Its prevalence among the population in the city and in the country as a whole shows a significant increasing trend. Among the adolescents in both Moscow and the RF, the incidence of CPNSR is higher than that in children and constitutes 24.4 and 31.6 versus 3.3 and 21.8 per 10,000 population, respectively. The childrenand adolescents in the RF are the highest risk groups in the incidence of CPNSR. In 2009, its prevalence rates in Moscow and the RF were 99.5 and 121.3 per 10,000, respectively; which were well above those in 2007 (81.2 and 117.5 per 10,000, respectively).Conclusion. The high incidence and prevalence rates for CPNSR remain high in all population strata in Moscow and the RF, which may be associated with decreased diagnostic alertness and inadequate treatment for upper airway diseases.</p

A novel alkyne-induced recyclization of 4-hydroxymethyl or 4-formyl-1H-2,3-dihydroisoindoles-an effective pathway to substituted isobenzofurans

2-Alkyl or 2-benzyl-substituted 4-hydroxymethyl(formyl)isoindoles readily react with electron-deficient alkynes undergoing intramolecular cyclization to produce 1-aminomethyl-substituted isobenzofurans in good yields. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A novel alkyne-induced recyclization of 4-hydroxymethyl or 4-formyl-1H-2,3-dihydroisoindoles-an effective pathway to substituted isobenzofurans

2-Alkyl or 2-benzyl-substituted 4-hydroxymethyl(formyl)isoindoles readily react with electron-deficient alkynes undergoing intramolecular cyclization to produce 1-aminomethyl-substituted isobenzofurans in good yields. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

On the finding of brachiopod in metamorphic garnet-bearing rocks on the Middle Urals

The authors provide paleontological and mineralogical description of the finding of the brachiopod of Atrypinae gen. et sp. indet. of the Silurian (Llandovery) – Late Devonian (Frasnian) age in a well-formed garnet-almandine crystal. Field geologist D. L. Suslov was the one who found the brachiopod in high-aluminous gneisses in Verkholovsky garnet mine, which is a part of the Evgenie-Maximilianovsky (Palkinsky) mineral mines located in the southeastern part of the Verkhisetsky granite batholite, on the territory of the historical-landscape park "Istoki Iseti". The Verkholovsky garnet mine is located on the southern slope of Pup Mountain, about 6 km west of Ekaterinburg city, on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals. The stock of the Ural Geological Museum stores the sample containing the brachiopod imprint, its measures are 3 × 2.2 × 1.6 cm and it looks like a parallel aggregate of several garnet-almandine crystals. Main habitus forms of the garnet individuals are rhombododecahedron d{110} and tetragontrioctahedron n{211}, the latter forming thin facets of the rhombododecahedron edges. The shell imprint is not in the garnet crystals, but in the base of the sample, among the fine-grained light-brown mass, whose thickness is not more than 2–3 mm. The fine-grained mass previously probably was a carbonate matrix of the brachiopod, and during the growth of the garnet at the border of two heterogeneous media (carbonate and silicate), a local metasomatic process of substituting the garnet aggregate for the primary (carbonate) substance manifested. The article also contains a brief geological sketch of the place of the finding and an overview of information about other similar findings. Chemical U-Th-Pb-dating allowed to determine the age of monazite inclusions in garnet (344 million years)