Production and purification of antibody by immunizing rabbit with rice tungro bacilliform and rice tungro spherical viruses

Rice tungro disease is the major disease caused by infection with the rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). In this study, New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with pure viruses for the production of antibodies against both species. The production of polyclonal antibodies against Tungro viral disease using ammonium sulfate precipitation and a protein A affinity column and their assessment are described. Two peaks were found from the protein A affinity column. Peak 1 represents the unbound compounds from the extracted serum and peak 2 represents antibody that bound to protein A, which was eluted using elution buffer. Peak 2 was collected for antibody titration. The amount of pure antibody in the titers was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to capture the tungro viruses. Antibody titer was analyzed by the ELISA method. For anti-RTBV, 1.696 mg/mL was highest at the second bleed and anti-RTSV was 2.3225 mg/mL was highest at the first bleed. These antibodies detected the tungro viral disease well and proved to be a potential probe for the detection of rice tungro disease

Anteseden Kecurangan Akuntansi

The phenomenon of fraud in Indonesia often involves people who have important positions in an organization, including the Makassar City regional apparatus organization where in the 2018-2020 period several findings of fraud were revealed. This study detects how compensation and compliance with accounting rules affect accounting fraud and wants to test whether strict accounting rules through moderating unethical behavior affect accounting fraud. The research sample is 92 Apparatus in Makassar City Regional Apparatus Organizations. Data were collected from distributed questionnaires and tested using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. We find that compensation and accounting compliance have a significant negative influence on accounting fraud. Unethical behavior is able to moderate the relationship between compliance with accounting rules and accounting fraud

Designing DNA probe from HPV 18 and 58 in the E6 region for sensing element in the development of genosensor-based gold nanoparticles

The E6 region has higher protuberant probability annealing than consensus probe focusing on another region in the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome in terms of detection and screening method. Here, we designed the first multiple virus single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) for multiple detections in an early phase of screening for cervical cancer in the E6 region and became a fundamental evolution of detection electrochemical HPV biosensor. Gene profiling of the virus ssDNA sequences has been carried by high-end bioinformatics tools such as GenBank, Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST), and Clustal OMEGA in a row. The output from bioinformatics tools resulted in 100% of similarities between our virus ssDNA probe and HPV complete genome in the databases. The cross-validation between HPV genome and our designed virus ssDNA provided high specificity and selectivity during screening methods compared with Pap smear. The DNA probe for HPV 18, 5' COOH-GAT CCA GAA GGT ACA GAC GGG GAG GGC ACG 3', while 5'COOH-GGG CGC TGT GCA GTG TGT TGG AGA CCC CGA3' as DNA probe for HPV 58 designed with 66.77% guanine (G) and cytosine (C) content for both. Our virus ssDNA probe for the HPV biosensor promises high sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, repeatability, low fluid consumption, and will be useful in mini-size diagnostic devices for cervical cancer detection