2,670 research outputs found

    Mixed Lorentz boosted Z^{0}'s

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    A novel technique is proposed to study systematic errors on jet reconstruction in W physics measurements at LEP2 with high statistical precision. The method is based on the emulation of W pair events using Mixed Lorentz Boosted Z0 events. The scope and merits of the method and its statistical accuracy are discussed in the context of the DELPHI W mass measurement in the fully hadronic channel. The numbers presented are preliminary in the sense that they do not constitute the final DELPHI systematic errors

    ANALISIS KELAYAKAN VIDEO CONFERENCE BERBASIS 3G (Studi Kasus:PT. Excelmindo Pratama Region Bandung)

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    Era globalisasi sekarang ini, merupakan era teknologi dan komunikaasi yang tidak hanya bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan, namun kini mulai bergeser ke arah gaya hidup. Persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam bidang telekomunikasi membuat setiap pelaku bisnis harus jeli melihat celah dan peluang pasar untuk dapat menarik konsumen. Berbagai fitur dan produk baru diluncurkan oleh para pelaku bisnis untuk bisa mempertahankan konsistensi perusahaan dalam menghadapi kompetisi yang cukup berat. Hal ini juga mengusik keberadaan PT. Excelcomindo Pratama sebagai salah satu provider telekomunikasi di Indonesia yang layak diperhitungkan oleh pesaing lainnya. Dua tahun terakhir merupakan tahun dimana terjadi perubahan yang cukup signifikan dibidang telekomunikasi Indonesia. Teknologi generasi ketiga (3G) adalah teknologi yang sedang marak dibicarakan dan dikembangkan untuk diadaptasi pada sistem telekomunikasi pendahulunya. Media ini cukup menguntungkan untuk menggelar sebuah layanan, karena kemampuan akses yang dimiliki cukup tinggi. PT. Excelcomindo Pratama mencoba mengeluarkan suatu layanan yang berbasiskan teknologi 3G, yang mampu mengakomodasi kelompok individu maupun organisasi dalam penggunaannya. Adalah Video Conference berbasis 3G, layanan yang memungkinkan pengguna layanan saling bertatap muka satu sama lain dalam waktu bersamaan dan dengan maksimal empat pengguna lainnya sekaligus. Sebelum layanan ini akan diluncurkan, harus diketahui tingkat kelayakannya terlebih dahulu. Aspek pasar yang diuji pada penelitian ini menggunakan metoda survey, dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat penelitian. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pasar potensial, pasar tersedia, dan pasar sasaran dari layanan Video onference berbasis 3G. Aspek teknis dan aspek finansial diuji menggunakan data-data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PT. Excelcomindo Pratama serta sumber lainnya untuk keakuratannya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa point, diantaranya pasar potensial layanan Video Conference berbasis 3G sebesar 68,75% yang disarikan dari tingkat keminatan responden terhadap layanan tersebut. Pasar tersedia disaring berdasarkan tingkat kemampuan, akses, dan daya beli responden terhadap layanan, yaitu sebesar 50,35% dari pasar potensial. Pasar sasaran yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 10% dari pasar tersedia. Perhitungan finansial memunculkan beberapa hasil berkaitan dengan kelayakan investasi, diantaranya, nilai NPV sebesar Rp.3.741.906.846, dengan tingkat bunga IRR 28%, yang lebih besar dari MARR (MARR=20%), dan pengembalian modal selama 4,19 tahun. Ini membuat layanan Video Conference berbasis 3G layak untuk dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa point, diantaranya pasar potensial layanan Vide

    Herkunftsvergleiche von Legehennen in Station und Feld unter besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung ökologischer Haltungsverfahren

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    Der Beitrag beschreibt die Bedingungen von LegeleistungsprĂŒfungen in Deutschland mit Bezug auf Genotyp Umwelt-Interaktionen. Außerdem werden die Besonderheiten der Eierproduktion auf ökologischer Basis herausgestellt. Daraus werden Anregungen fĂŒr ein Konzept einer zukĂŒnftigen FeldprĂŒfung von Legehennen erarbeitet. In Deutschland werden keine offiziellen LegeleistungsprĂŒfungen der LĂ€nder mehr durchgefĂŒhrt. UnabhĂ€ngige Leistungsinformationen aus Herkunftsvergleichen stehen daher nur aus einzelnen PrĂŒfungen (LfL Bayern, 2006) zur VerfĂŒgung. Interaktionen zwischen LegehennenherkĂŒnften und unterschiedlichen Haltungssystemen sind nach Literaturangaben gut belegt. FĂŒr die Ökoproduktion von Eiern ist aufgrund der produktionstechnischen Unterschiede zur konventionellen Produktion ebenfalls mit solchen Wechselwirkungen zu rechnen. Deshalb braucht die ökologische Eierproduktion eine LeistungsprĂŒfung, die auf die speziellen Produktionsbedingungen abgestimmt ist. Die Entwicklung eines Feldtests fĂŒr Legehennen in ökologischer Haltung kann daher ein Weg sein, das gegenwĂ€rtige Informationsdefizit der Landwirte ĂŒber die Leistung und das Verhalten erhĂ€ltlicher Zuchtprodukte unter Öko-Bedingungen zu verringern. Das Konzept muss eine praktikable Datenerfassung gewĂ€hrleisten. Ein geeignetes und kostengĂŒnstig durchfĂŒhrbares Versuchsdesign zur Ermittlung der durchschnittlichen Eignung von LegehennenherkĂŒnften fĂŒr die ökologische Haltung muss dazu entwickelt werden

    The Estimation of the Effective Centre of Mass Energy in q-qbar-gamma Events from DELPHI

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    The photon radiation in the initial state lowers the energy available for the e+^+e−^- collisions; this effect is particularly important at LEP2 energies (above the mass of the Z boson). Being aligned to the beam direction, such initial state radiation is mostly undetected. This article describes the procedure used by the DELPHI experiment at LEP to estimate the effective centre-of-mass energy in hadronic events collected at energies above the Z peak. Typical resolutions ranging from 2 to 3 GeV on the effective center-of-mass energy are achieved, depending on the event topology.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

    Prevalence and tracking of back pain from childhood to adolescence

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is generally acknowledged that back pain (BP) is a common condition already in childhood. However, the development until early adulthood is not well understood and, in particular, not the individual tracking pattern. The objectives of this paper are to show the prevalence estimates of BP, low back pain (LBP), mid back pain (MBP), neck pain (NP), and care-seeking because of BP at three different ages (9, 13 and15 years) and how the BP reporting tracks over these age groups over three consecutive surveys.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A longitudinal cohort study was carried out from the years of 1997 till 2005, collecting interview data from children who were sampled to be representative of Danish schoolchildren. BP was defined overall and specifically in the three spinal regions as having reported pain within the past month. The prevalence estimates and the various patterns of BP reporting over time are presented as percentages.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 771 children sampled, 62%, 57%, and 58% participated in the three back surveys and 34% participated in all three. The prevalence estimates for children at the ages of 9, 13, and 15, respectively, were for BP 33%, 28%, and 48%; for LBP 4%, 22%, and 36%; for MBP 20%, 13%, and 35%; and for NP 10%, 7%, and 15%. Seeking care for BP increased from 6% and 8% at the two youngest ages to 34% at the oldest. Only 7% of the children who participated in all three surveys reported BP each time and 30% of these always reported no pain. The patterns of development differed for the three spinal regions and between genders. Status at the previous survey predicted status at the next survey, so that those who had pain before were more likely to report pain again and vice versa. This was most pronounced for care-seeking.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was confirmed that BP starts early in life, but the patterns of onset and development over time vary for different parts of the spine and between genders. Because of these differences, it is recommended to report on BP in youngsters separately for the three spinal regions, and to differentiate in the analyses between the genders and age groups. Although only a small minority reported BP at two or all three surveys, tracking of BP (particularly NP) and care seeking was noted from one survey to the other. On the positive side, individuals without BP at a previous survey were likely to remain pain free at the subsequent survey.</p

    Novel Host-Related Virulence Factors Are Encoded by Squirrelpox Virus, the Main Causative Agent of Epidemic Disease in Red Squirrels in the UK

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    Squirrelpox virus (SQPV) shows little evidence for morbidity or mortality in North American grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), in which the virus is endemic. However, more recently the virus has emerged to cause epidemics with high mortality in Eurasian red squirrels (S. vulgaris) in Great Britain, which are now threatened. Here we report the genome sequence of SQPV. Comparison with other Poxviridae revealed a core set of poxvirus genes, the phylogeny of which showed SQPV to be in a new Chordopoxvirus subfamily between the Molluscipoxviruses and Parapoxviruses. A number of SQPV genes were related to virulence, including three major histocomaptibility class I homologs, and one CD47 homolog. In addition, a novel potential virulence factor showing homology to mammalian oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) was identified. This family of proteins normally causes activation of an endoribonuclease (RNaseL) within infected cells. The putative function of this novel SQPV protein was predicted in silico

    Determinants of Acceptance of Cervical Cancer Screening in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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    To describe how demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer influence screening acceptance among women living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Multistage cluster sampling was carried out in 45 randomly selected streets in Dar es Salaam. Women between the ages of 25-59 who lived in the sampled streets were invited to a cervical cancer screening; 804 women accepted and 313 rejected the invitation. Information on demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer were obtained through structured questionnaire interviews. Women aged 35-44 and women aged 45-59 had increased ORs of 3.52 and 7.09, respectively, for accepting screening. Increased accepting rates were also found among single women (OR 2.43) and among women who had attended primary or secondary school (ORs of 1.81 and 1.94). Women who had 0-2 children were also more prone to accept screening in comparison with women who had five or more children (OR 3.21). Finally, knowledge of cervical cancer and awareness of the existing screening program were also associated with increased acceptance rates (ORs of 5.90 and 4.20). There are identifiable subgroups where cervical cancer screening can be increased in Dar es Salaam. Special attention should be paid to women of low education and women of high parity. In addition, knowledge and awareness raising campaigns that goes hand in hand with culturally acceptable screening services will likely lead to an increased uptake of cervical cancer screening

    Author Correction: The Aurora B specificity switch is required to protect from non-disjunction at the metaphase/anaphase transition.

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    An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
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