Synthesis, characterization and toxicity assessment of a new polymeric nanoparticle, l-glutamic acid-g-p(HEMA)

The toxic effects of poly(HEMA)-based polymeric nanoparticles must be analyzed before their biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. The aim of the study was to characterize and evaluate the toxicity for its biocompatibility of a newly synthesized l-glutamic acid-g-p(HEMA) polymeric nanoparticle The nanoparticle was synthesized with surfactant-free emulsion polymerization and grafting techniques. Grafting efficiency was estimated at 58%. The nanoparticle shape was verified as nearly spherical by scanning electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy images showed a rough surface topography. The nanoparticle had an average size of ~194.6 nm on zeta analysis, and the zeta potential value was -18 mV. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed spectra from 750 to 4000 cm-1 and characteristic peaks of stretching bands. The swelling ratio was 46%. With 24-h exposure, p(HEMA) and l-glutamic acid-g-p(HEMA) did not have cytotoxic effects on a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and human monocyte cell line by water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST-1) assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH). It did not show genotoxic potential by comet assay and did not have mutagenic effects on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 strains by Ames test. The nanoparticle at 160 μg/ml showed 2% hemolytic activity on erythrocytes. On cell migration assay, the percentage closure difference between exposed and control cells was estimated at 21%. We found no irritation effect on Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane test. We determined that the polymeric nanoparticle l-glutamic acid-g-p(HEMA) was biocompatible and has potential for use in a drug delivery system.status: publishe

<i>In vitro</i> synergistic efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid, oleic acid, safflower oil and taxol cytotoxicity on PC3 cells

<div><p>The aim of this study was to determine <i>in vitro</i> synergistic efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OLA), safflower oil and taxol (Tax) cytotoxicity on human prostate cancer (PC3) cell line. To determine synergistic efficacy of oil combinations, PC3 treated with different doses of compounds alone and combined with 10 μg/mL Tax. The MTT results indicated that OLA–Tax combinations exhibited cytotoxicity against PC3 at doses of 30 nM+10 μg-Tax, 15 nM+5 μg-Tax and 7.5 nM+2.5 μg-Tax. The treatment of OLA or Tax did not show significant inhibition on PC3, while OLA–Tax combinations showed effective cytotoxicity at treated doses. CLA–Tax combinations demonstrated the same effect on PC3 as combined form with 45.72% versus the alone form as 74.51% viability. Cytotoxic synergy between Tax, OLA and CLA shows enhanced cytotoxicity on PC3 which might be used in the therapy of prostate cancer.</p></div

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ranunculus marginatus var. trachycarpus and R. sprunerianus

Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Ranunculus marginatus d;amp;#8217;Urv. var. trachycarpus (Fisch. ;amp; Mey.) Azn. and R. sprunerianus Boiss. were tested in vitro for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. Methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity in both assays. The total phenolics in the extracts were determined colorimetrically by using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was evaluated by a spectrophotometric method. The results obtained in the antioxidant activity tests were in positive correlation with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts. An antibacterial activity analysis was carried out using paper disk diffusion and micro-well dilution techniques. All of the extracts displayed antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria in the disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all the extracts of both Ranunculus species were found to be between 128 and 256 ;amp;#956;g/mL.Ranunculus marginatus d’Urv. var. trachycarpus (Fisch. ; Mey.) Azn. ve R. sprunerianus Boiss. bitkilerinin hekzan, etil asetat, metanol ve su ekstrelerinin antioksidan ve antibakteriyal aktiviteleri in vitro olarak test edilmiştir. Ekstrelerin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH radikal süpürücü ve Troloks eşdeğeri antioksidan kapasite yöntemleriyle tayin edilmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de metanol ekstreleri en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Ekstrelerdeki total fenol miktarı Folin- Ciocalteau reaktifi kullanılarak kolorimetrik olarak tayin edilmiştir. Ekstrelerin total flavonoid içeriği spektroskopik bir yöntem kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite deneylerinin sonuçları, ekstrelerin total fenol ve flavonoid miktarları ile uyumludur. Antibakteriyel aktivite tayininde disk difüzyon ve mikrodilüsyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Disk difüzyon yönteminde bütün ekstreler test edilen bakterilere karşı aktivite göstermiştir. Her iki Ranunculus türünün ekstrelerinin minimal inhibitör konsantrasyonlarının (MİK) 128-256 ?g/mL arasında olduğu bulunmuştur

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities with acute toxicity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin from the coast of Urla (Izmir, Turkey)

WOS: 000347948200014PubMed ID: 24292649The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological activities with toxic properties of the methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts of Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin from the Coast of Urla in the Aegean Sea. The extracts of C. compressa were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in this study. Cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the extracts were also evaluated using cell culture and mutagenicity assays. Hexane extract was found to have higher total flavonoid and phenolic contents than the other extracts and exerted higher antioxidant activity than other extracts. All extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms (minimum inhibitory concentration ranges are 32-256 mu g/mL). The results indicated that the extracts had no significant cytotoxic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cell line in all treated concentrations (5-50 mu g/mL) and did not show mutagenicity in the Ames test. Lethality was not observed among mice treated with oral doses of the extracts. In conclusion, results of investigations indicate that brown alga C. compressa is a natural source of antioxidant. It has moderate antimicrobial activities with no toxicity