7,493 research outputs found
Continuous-wave phase-sensitive parametric image amplification
We study experimentally parametric amplification in the continuous regime
using a transverse-degenerate type-II Optical Parametric Oscillator operated
below threshold. We demonstrate that this device is able to amplify either in
the phase insensitive or phase sensitive way first a single mode beam, then a
multimode image. Furthermore the total intensities of the amplified image
projected on the signal and idler polarizations are shown to be correlated at
the quantum level.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Journal of Modern Optics, Special
Issue on Quantum Imagin
Roots of the derivative of the Riemann zeta function and of characteristic polynomials
We investigate the horizontal distribution of zeros of the derivative of the
Riemann zeta function and compare this to the radial distribution of zeros of
the derivative of the characteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix.
Both cases show a surprising bimodal distribution which has yet to be
explained. We show by example that the bimodality is a general phenomenon. For
the unitary matrix case we prove a conjecture of Mezzadri concerning the
leading order behavior, and we show that the same follows from the random
matrix conjectures for the zeros of the zeta function.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Discrete Symmetries in the Weyl Expansion for Quantum Billiards
We consider two and three-dimensional quantum billiards with discrete
symmetries. We derive the first terms of the Weyl expansion for the level
density projected onto the irreducible representations of the symmetry group.
As an illustration the method is applied to the icosahedral billiard. The paper
was published in J. Phys. A /27/ (1994) 4317-4323Comment: 8 printed pages Latex fil
Positivity of High Density Effective Theory
We show that the effective field theory of low energy modes in dense QCD has
positive Euclidean path integral measure. The complexity of the measure of QCD
at finite chemical potential can be ascribed to modes which are irrelevant to
the dynamics at sufficiently high density. Rigorous inequalities follow at
asymptotic density. Lattice simulation of dense QCD should be possible using
the quark determinant calculated in the effective theory.Comment: 10 pages, Revised version, to appear in Rapid Communications of
Physical Review
Assessing Centrality Without Knowing Connections
We consider the privacy-preserving computation of node influence in
distributed social networks, as measured by egocentric betweenness centrality
(EBC). Motivated by modern communication networks spanning multiple providers,
we show for the first time how multiple mutually-distrusting parties can
successfully compute node EBC while revealing only differentially-private
information about their internal network connections. A theoretical utility
analysis upper bounds a primary source of private EBC error---private release
of ego networks---with high probability. Empirical results demonstrate
practical applicability with a low 1.07 relative error achievable at strong
privacy budget on a Facebook graph, and insignificant
performance degradation as the number of network provider parties grows.Comment: Full report of paper appearing in PAKDD202
Control over phase separation and nucleation using a laser-tweezing potential
Control over the nucleation of new phases is highly desirable but elusive. Even though there is a long history of crystallization engineering by varying physicochemical parameters, controlling which polymorph crystallizes or whether a molecule crystallizes or forms an amorphous precipitate is still a poorly understood practice. Although there are now numerous examples of control using laser-induced nucleation, the absence of physical understanding is preventing progress. Here we show that the proximity of a liquid–liquid critical point or the corresponding binodal line can be used by a laser-tweezing potential to induce concentration gradients. A simple theoretical model shows that the stored electromagnetic energy of the laser beam produces a free-energy potential that forces phase separation or triggers the nucleation of a new phase. Experiments in a liquid mixture using a low-power laser diode confirm the effect. Phase separation and nucleation using a laser-tweezing potential explains the physics behind non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation and suggests new ways of manipulating matter
The cometary composition of a protoplanetary disk as revealed by complex cyanides
Observations of comets and asteroids show that the Solar Nebula that spawned
our planetary system was rich in water and organic molecules. Bombardment
brought these organics to the young Earth's surface, seeding its early
chemistry. Unlike asteroids, comets preserve a nearly pristine record of the
Solar Nebula composition. The presence of cyanides in comets, including 0.01%
of methyl cyanide (CH3CN) with respect to water, is of special interest because
of the importance of C-N bonds for abiotic amino acid synthesis. Comet-like
compositions of simple and complex volatiles are found in protostars, and can
be readily explained by a combination of gas-phase chemistry to form e.g. HCN
and an active ice-phase chemistry on grain surfaces that advances
complexity[3]. Simple volatiles, including water and HCN, have been detected
previously in Solar Nebula analogues - protoplanetary disks around young stars
- indicating that they survive disk formation or are reformed in situ. It has
been hitherto unclear whether the same holds for more complex organic molecules
outside of the Solar Nebula, since recent observations show a dramatic change
in the chemistry at the boundary between nascent envelopes and young disks due
to accretion shocks[8]. Here we report the detection of CH3CN (and HCN and
HC3N) in the protoplanetary disk around the young star MWC 480. We find
abundance ratios of these N-bearing organics in the gas-phase similar to
comets, which suggests an even higher relative abundance of complex cyanides in
the disk ice. This implies that complex organics accompany simpler volatiles in
protoplanetary disks, and that the rich organic chemistry of the Solar Nebula
was not unique.Comment: Definitive version of the manuscript is published in Nature, 520,
7546, 198, 2015. This is the author's versio
SU(7) Unification of SU(3)_C*SU(4)_W* U(1)_{B-L}
We propose the SUSY SU(7) unification of the SU(3)_C* SU(4)_W* U(1)_{B-L}
model. Such unification scenario has rich symmetry breaking chains in a
five-dimensional orbifold. We study in detail the SUSY SU(7) symmetry breaking
into SU(3)_C* SU(4)_W* U(1)_{B-L} by boundary conditions in a Randall-Sundrum
background and its AdS/CFT interpretation. We find that successful gauge
coupling unification can be achieved in our scenario. Gauge unification favors
low left-right and unification scales with tree-level \sin^2\theta_W=0.15. We
use the AdS/CFT dual of the conformal supersymmetry breaking scenario to break
the remaining N=1 supersymmetry. We employ AdS/CFT to reproduce the NSVZ
formula and obtain the structure of the Seiberg duality in the strong coupling
region for 3/2N_c<N_F<3N_C. We show that supersymmetry is indeed broken in the
conformal supersymmetry breaking scenario with a vanishing singlet vacuum
expectation value.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure
Observation of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subjected to strong
magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them become dominant and can
lead to novel states of matter such as fractional quantum Hall liquids. In
these liquids electrons linked to magnetic flux quanta form complex composite
quasipartices, which are manifested in the quantization of the Hall
conductivity as rational fractions of the conductance quantum. The recent
experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene
has opened up a new avenue in the study of correlated 2D electronic systems, in
which the interacting electron wavefunctions are those of massless chiral
fermions. However, due to the prevailing disorder, graphene has thus far
exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite
concerted experimental efforts and intense theoretical interest. Here, we
report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean
suspended graphene, supporting the existence of strongly correlated electron
states in the presence of a magnetic field. In addition, at low carrier density
graphene becomes an insulator with an energy gap tunable by magnetic field.
These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study a new
state of matter of strongly correlated Dirac fermions in the presence of large
magnetic fields
Aspects of Non-minimal Gauge Mediation
A large class of non-minimal gauge mediation models, such as (semi-)direct
gauge mediation, predict a hierarchy between the masses of the supersymmetric
standard model gauginos and those of scalar particles. We perform a
comprehensive study of these non-minimal gauge mediation models, including mass
calculations in semi-direct gauge mediation, to illustrate these features, and
discuss the phenomenology of the models. We point out that the cosmological
gravitino problem places stringent constraints on mass splittings, when the
Bino is the NLSP. However, the GUT relation of the gaugino masses is broken
unlike the case of minimal gauge mediation, and an NLSP other than the Bino
(especially the gluino NLSP) becomes possible, relaxing the cosmological
constraints. We also discuss the collider signals of the models.Comment: 56 pages, 8 figures; v2:minor corrections, references added; v3:minor
correction
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