151,601 research outputs found
Designing Administrative Organizations for Health Reform
Describes proposals to create new entities to research comparative effectiveness, make coverage decisions, manage health insurance markets, or offer a public health insurance plan. Discusses types of agencies and considerations for organizational design
Bug Hunting with False Negatives Revisited
Safe data abstractions are widely used for verification purposes. Positive verification results can be transferred from the abstract to the concrete system. When a property is violated in the abstract system, one still has to check whether a concrete violation scenario exists. However, even when the violation scenario is not reproducible in the concrete system (a false negative), it may still contain information on possible sources of bugs. Here, we propose a bug hunting framework based on abstract violation scenarios. We first extract a violation pattern from one abstract violation scenario. The violation pattern represents multiple abstract violation scenarios, increasing the chance that a corresponding concrete violation exists. Then, we look for a concrete violation that corresponds to the violation pattern by using constraint solving techniques. Finally, we define the class of counterexamples that we can handle and argue correctness of the proposed framework. Our method combines two formal techniques, model checking and constraint solving. Through an analysis of contracting and precise abstractions, we are able to integrate overapproximation by abstraction with concrete counterexample generation
Fluency in dialogue: Turnâtaking behavior shapes perceived fluency in native and nonnative speech
Fluency is an important part of research on second language learning, but most research on language proficiency typically has not included oral fluency as part of interaction, even though natural communication usually occurs in conversations. The present study considered aspects of turn-taking behavior as part of the construct of fluency and investigated whether these aspects differentially influence perceived fluency ratings of native and non-native speech. Results from two experiments using acoustically manipulated speech showed that, in native speech, too âeagerâ (interrupting a question with a fast answer) and too âreluctantâ answers (answering slowly after a long turn gap) negatively affected fluency ratings. However, in non-native speech, only too âreluctantâ answers led to lower fluency ratings. Thus, we demonstrate that acoustic properties of dialogue are perceived as part of fluency. By adding to our current understanding of dialogue fluency, these lab-based findings carry implications for language teaching and assessmen
Administering Health Insurance Mandates
Provides an overview of health insurance mandates and administrative considerations. Based on a review of existing and proposed employer and individual mandates, outlines ways to structure them to be administered fairly and effectively
Governance Issues for Health Insurance Exchanges
Outlines considerations for states in deciding how to structure a health insurance exchange, as well as issues of funding sources, operational flexibility, political independence and accountability, management structure, and sub-state dimensions
Petrov type D pure radiation fields of Kundt's class
We present all Petrov type D pure radiation space-times, with or without
cosmological constant, with a shear-free, non-diverging geodesic principal null
congruence
A tool for projecting age patterns based on a standard age schedule and assumptions on relative risks using linear splines: topals
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