Characterization of non-intentional emissions from distributed energy resources up to 500 kHz: A case study in Spain

Narrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) systems are currently used for smart metering and power quality monitoring as a part of the Smart Grid (SG) concept. However, non-intentional emissions generated by the devices connected to the grid may sometimes disturb the communications and isolate metering equipment. Though some research works have been recently developed to characterize these emissions, most of them have been limited to frequencies below 150 kHz and they are mainly focused on in-house electronic appliances and lightning devices. As NB-PLC can also be allocated in higher frequencies up to 500 kHz, there is still a lack of analysis in this frequency range, especially for emissions from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The identification and characterization of the emissions is essential to develop solutions that avoid a negative impact on the proper performance of NB-PLC. In this work, the non-intentional emissions of different types of DERs composing a representative microgrid have been measured in the 35–500 kHz frequency range and analyzed both in time and frequency domains. Different working conditions and coupling and commutation procedures to mains are considered in the analysis. Results are then compared to the limits recommended by regulatory bodies for spurious emissions from communication systems in this frequency band, as no specific limits for DERs have been established. Field measurements show clear differences in the characteristics of non-intentional emissions for different devices, working conditions and coupling procedures and for frequencies below and above 150 kHz. Results of this study demonstrate that a further characterization of the potential emissions from the different types of DERs connected to the grid is required in order to guarantee current and future applications based on NB-PLC.This work has been financially supported in part by the Basque Government (Elkartek program)

The antenna DSA 3 and its potential use for Radio Astronomy

The European Space Agency (ESA) will inaugurate its third Deep Space Antenna (DSA 3) by the end of 2012. DSA 3 will be located in Argentina near the city of Malarg"ue in the Mendoza province. While the instrument will be primarily dedicated to communications with interplanetary missions, the characteristics of its antenna and receivers will also enable standalone leading scientific contributions, with a high scientific-technological return. We outline here scientific proposals for a radio astronomical use of DSA 3.Comment: 4 pages, submitted as Proceedings for the BAA

La historia mundial y sus implicaciones en Colima

Las reformas económicas ejecutadas desde hace más de quince años en América Latina han modificado sustancialmente las historias de carácter local, regional y nacional, como resultado del comercio mundial, las transnacionales, la circulación de información, el movimiento de personas. Estos procesos traspasan fronteras y modifican el entorno y la historia de las entidades. El propósito del trabajo es presentar la manera en que México se ve afectado, en particular el estado de Colima, por su papel de mediación entre Asia Pacifico y Estados Unidos en el marco del nuevo orden mundial.México; Colima; Economía internacional; Globalización; Desarrollo regional; Regionalización

Chemical and structural changes of calcium ion exchange silica pigment in 0.5M NaCl and 0.5M Na 2SO4 solutions

This paper studies the suitability of an environmentallyfriendly anticorrosive pigment (Si/Ca) to replace Cr(VI) pigments, characterising the initial pigment and the products obtained after interaction with aqueous solutions containing aggressive ions from a corrosion viewpoint (Cl - and SO42- ). X-ray diffraction (XRD), calorimetry (DTATG), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM-EDAX) techniques areused. The ion exchange capacity of the pigment is studied and the solutions obtained after the pigment-solution interaction are analysed. The results obtained show that a series of physical/chemical transformations take place in the pigment on interaction with the Cl - and SO42-  solutions, in some cases accompanied by the appearance of new crystalline phases, mainly calcium and sodium silicates and calcium sulphate. Analysis of the solutions obtained after interaction shows a rise in the calcium content as theionic force of the medium increases. These results suggest that the mechanism by which the pigment acts is not only based on ion exchange reactions but also on a structural modification of the pigment itself and consequently on (co)precipitation reactions that form insoluble compounds in the studied aggressive media

Diabetes and atypical presentations of patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction in Puerto Rico

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing health issues concerning the world today with an estimated 382 million individuals affected as of 2013 and a projected increase in number to 592 million by 2035. Diabetes mellitus is a condition affecting 12-15% of the population or around 400,000 people in Puerto Rico. The most common presenting complaint of diabetics who are hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is chest pain. However, the pervasiveness of atypical symptoms in diabetic patients is yet unclear. The aim of this study is to determine if there is an association between diabetes and the presentation of atypical symptoms in the emergency room in those suffering from an AMI in Puerto Rico. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of data from participants from the 2007, 2009 and 2011 Puerto Rico Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance system (PRCDS), an observational, non-concurrent, cross-sectional study. The main independent variable was presence of diabetes mellitus (Type I and Type II). The outcome was the presence of atypical symptoms at the time of presentation, defined as the absence of chest pain on admission. The prevalence of atypical symptoms in diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients was compared. Binary logistic regression was used to test for independent association. Statistical significance was considered for p-values ≤0.05 for a two-tailed test. Analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results: We found no association between atypical presentation of an AMI and diabetes, before or after adjustment for age, gender, congestive heart failure, stroke history and BMI. (unadjusted OR= 1.0, 95%CI=0.7-1.4 and adjusted OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.6-1.5). Other independent associations identified were that patients older than 75 were 3.5 times more likely to present atypically than people younger than 55 (OR= 3.5, 95% CI=1.6-7.6), and those with CHF and stroke were more likely to present with atypical symptoms (OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.7-6.1 and OR=4.2 95% CI=2.1-8.4, respectively). Lastly, overweight patients were 3.3 times more likely to present atypically than healthy weight patients (OR=2.0, 95% CI=0.6-7.0). Conclusion: We found no evidence of an association between diabetes and the presentation of atypical symptoms in patients hospitalized for AMI in Puerto Rico

Quantum State During and after O(4)O(4)-Symmetric Bubble Nucleation with Gravitaional Effects

We extend our previous analysis of the quantum state during and after $O(4)$-symmetric bubble nucleation to the case including gravitational effects. We find that there exists a simple relationship between the case with and without gravitational effects. In a special case of a conformally coupled scalar field which is massless except on the bubble wall, the state is found to be conformally equivalent to the case without gravity.Comment: 31 pages plain Tex file, uuencoded postscript figure file is available from [email protected] upon request, KUNS126

Universal features of electron-phonon interactions in atomic wires

The effect of electron-phonon interactions in the conductance through metallic atomic wires is theoretically analyzed. The proposed model allows to consider an atomic size region electrically and mechanically coupled to bulk electrodes. We show that under rather general conditions the features due to electron-phonon coupling are described by universal functions of the system transmission coefficients. It is predicted that the reduction of the conductance due to electron-phonon coupling which is observed close to perfect transmission should evolve into an enhancement at low transmission. This crossover can be understood in a transparent way as arising from the competition between elastic and inelastic processes.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Evaluación de la aplicación de agua de mar para mejorar el CBR de la subrasante afirmada

The main human settlements in Peru lack paved roads or affirmed carriage trails for the continuous or safe movement of vehicles. In this work, the evaluation of the application of seawater in the affirmed subgrade is exposed. Laboratory tests have been carried out, managing to see that the most important indicator of the resistance of the tracks helps in a significant way to improve the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results using with drinking water are 64.30%, 78.30%, and 95.20% of CBR and with seawater much higher CBR values of 99.20%, 90.90%, and 109.10%, for which an improvement of 34.90% was obtained and with this it is concluded that the addition of seawater significantly increases the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the affirmed subgrade. Keywords: Seawater, affirmed subgrade, CBR, road infrastructure. References [1]D. Flórez, and B. Bernabé, “El agua de mar en la alimentación y la terapéutica,” Sociedad Española de hidrología médica, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 37-55, 2014. [2]J. Domenech, “Control de la calidad del agua”, Offarm, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 138-146, 2002. [3]M. Bernardo et al., “Valoración terapéutica del agua de mar en modelos experimentales como terapia complementaria en anemia”, Medica UIS, vol 27, no. 3, pp. 9-18, 2014. [4]A. Fernández, “El agua: un recurso esencial”, Química Viva, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 147-170, 2012. [5]J. Miranda and D. Negrete, “Estabilización de suelos cohesivos con el uso de cloruro de calcio , Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 2011. [6]D. Pumaricra, “Cloruro de magnesio como aditivo en el tratamiento de las propiedades físico mecánicas de la superficie de rodadura en carreteras no pavimentadas”, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. (2019). [7]Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, “Manual de Carreteras: Suelos, Geología, Geotecnia y Pavimento – Sección Suelos y Pavimentos”, Lima, 2014. [8]C. Gutiérrez, “Estabilización química de carreteras no pavimentadas en el Perú y ventajas comparativas del cloruro de magnesio (bischofita) frente al cloruro de calcio”, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 2010. [9]C. Caruajulca, “Influencia del aditivo cloruro de sodio como estabilizante de la subrasante de la carretera tramo cruce el porongo – aeropuerto – Cajamarca”, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú, 2018. [10]C. Chavarry, R. Figueroa and R. Reynaga, “Estabilización química de capas granulares con cloruro de calcio para vías no pavimentadas”, Polo del conocimiento, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 40-69, 2020. [11]P. Garnica and A. Pérez, “Estabilización de suelos con cloruro de sodio para su uso en las vías terrestres”, Publicación técnica, México, 2002. [12]H. Llerena, “Mejoramiento de una base superficial con cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado”, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú, 2015. [13]S. Cuadros, “Mejoramiento de las propiedades físico–mecánicas de la subrasante en una vía afirmada de  departamental de la región Junín mediantela estabilización química con óxido de calcio – 2016”, Universidad Peruana los Andes, Huancayo, Perú, 2017. [14]J. Rivera, and R. Mejía, “Estabilización química de suelos - Materiales convencionales y activados alcalinamente”, Informador Técnico, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 202-226, 2020. [15]G. Thenoux, and S. Vera, “Evaluación de la efectividad del cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado (bischofita) como estabilizador químico de capas de rodadura granulares”, in Consejos Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, p. 1. , 2002.Resumen: Los principales asentamientos humanos en el Perú, carecen de vías pavimentadas o trochas carrozables afirmadas para el desplazamiento de los vehículos de manera continua o segura. En este trabajo se expone la evaluación de la aplicación del agua de mar en la subrasante afirmada. Se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio, logrando ver que si ayuda de manera significativa a mejorar el California Bearing Ratio (CBR) el indicar más importante de la resistencia de las vias. Los resultados utilizando con agua potable son de 64,30%, 78,30% y 95,20% de CBR y con agua de mar valores de CBR mucho más altos de 99,20%, 90,90% y 109,10%, por lo que se obtuvo una mejoría de 34,90% y con ello se concluye que la adición de agua de mar aumenta significativamente el California Bearing Ratio (CBR) de la subrasante afirmada. Palabras Clave: Agua de mar, subrasante afirmada, CBR, infraestructura vial. Referencias [1]D. Flórez, y B. Bernabé, “El agua de mar en la alimentación y la terapéutica,” Sociedad Española de hidrología médica, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 37-55, 2014. [2]J. Domenech, “Control de la calidad del agua”, Offarm, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 138-146, 2002. [3]M. Bernardo et al., “Valoración terapéutica del agua de mar en modelos experimentales como terapia complementaria en anemia”, Medica UIS, vol 27, no. 3, pp. 9-18, 2014. [4]A. Fernández, “El agua: un recurso esencial”, Química Viva, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 147-170, 2012. [5]J. Miranda y D. Negrete, “Estabilización de suelos cohesivos con el uso de cloruro de calcio , Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 2011. [6]D. Pumaricra, “Cloruro de magnesio como aditivo en el tratamiento de las propiedades físico mecánicas de la superficie de rodadura en carreteras no pavimentadas”, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. (2019). [7]Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, “Manual de Carreteras: Suelos, Geología, Geotecnia y Pavimento – Sección Suelos y Pavimentos”, Lima, 2014. [8]C. Gutiérrez, “Estabilización química de carreteras no pavimentadas en el Perú y ventajas comparativas del cloruro de magnesio (bischofita) frente al cloruro de calcio”, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú, 2010. [9]C. Caruajulca, “Influencia del aditivo cloruro de sodio como estabilizante de la subrasante de la carretera tramo cruce el porongo – aeropuerto – Cajamarca”, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú, 2018. [10]C. Chavarry, R. Figueroa y R. Reynaga, “Estabilización química de capas granulares con cloruro de calcio para vías no pavimentadas”, Polo del conocimiento, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 40-69, 2020. [11]P. Garnica y A. Pérez, “Estabilización de suelos con cloruro de sodio para su uso en las vías terrestres”, Publicación técnica, México, 2002. [12]H. Llerena, “Mejoramiento de una base superficial con cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado”, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú, 2015. [13]S. Cuadros, “Mejoramiento de las propiedades físico–mecánicas de la subrasante en una vía afirmada de  departamental de la región Junín mediantela estabilización química con óxido de calcio – 2016”, Universidad Peruana los Andes, Huancayo, Perú, 2017. [14]J. Rivera, y R. Mejía, “Estabilización química de suelos - Materiales convencionales y activados alcalinamente”, Informador Técnico, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 202-226, 2020. [15]G. Thenoux, y S. Vera, “Evaluación de la efectividad del cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado (bischofita) como estabilizador químico de capas de rodadura granulares”, in Consejos Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, p. 1. , 2002

Hispanic ethnicity and survival in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (all) patients in Florida

Introduction: Pediatric cancer mortality rates have drastically declined according to analyzed population-based surveillance data; however, incidences of most childhood cancers continue to rise. Recent studies have indicated an association between ethnicity/race and cancer survival. Florida's ethnically/racially diverse population and surging pediatric cancer incidence characterize the state as an ideal setting to study the association between ethnicity/race and pediatric cancer survival. Objective: To determine whether or not an association exists between Hispanic ethnicity and cancer survival in a Floridian population of pediatric patients with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). Methods: We will use data from participants 18 years or younger of Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). Cox-proportional hazard regression was used to assess independent association between Hispanic ethnicity and time to death (time interval from diagnose of ALL to the last patient contact, as recorded in the database). Survival status (death or alive) was assessed at the date of last contact. Those who are alive at last contact were then censored. Results: In the unadjusted model, ethnicity was not associated with risk of death (HR= 0.87, 95% CI=0.73 - 1.04). After adjustment for sex, race, age at diagnosis, insurance status, geographic area, and immunophenotype) the results showed again no association between Hispanic ethnicity and survival (HR = 1.19, 95% CI=0.82 - 1.72). Conclusions: We found no evidence for differences in survival based on ethnic status. Potential difference in racial-survival disparities in pediatric ALL within various geographic regions might depend on Hispanic ancestries or cancer type. Further research on the topic is still deemed necessary as to clarify the nature of the association between ethnicity and cancer survival

The Length of an SLE - Monte Carlo Studies

The scaling limits of a variety of critical two-dimensional lattice models are equal to the Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) for a suitable value of the parameter kappa. These lattice models have a natural parametrization of their random curves given by the length of the curve. This parametrization (with suitable scaling) should provide a natural parametrization for the curves in the scaling limit. We conjecture that this parametrization is also given by a type of fractal variation along the curve, and present Monte Carlo simulations to support this conjecture. Then we show by simulations that if this fractal variation is used to parametrize the SLE, then the parametrized curves have the same distribution as the curves in the scaling limit of the lattice models with their natural parametrization.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Version 2 replaced the use of "nu" for the "growth exponent" by 1/d_H, where d_H is the Hausdorff dimension. Various minor errors were also correcte