Neck fracture of a cementless forged titanium alloy femoral stem following total hip arthroplasty: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Fractures of the neck of the femoral component have been reported in uncemented total hip replacements, however, to our knowledge, no fractures of the neck of a cementless forged titanium alloy femoral stem coated in the proximal third with hydroxy-apatite have been reported in the medical literature.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>This case report describes a fracture of the neck of a cementless forged titanium alloy stem coated in the proximal third with hydroxy-apatite.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The neck of the femoral stem failed from fatigue probably because of a combination of factors described analytically below.</p

Differential Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training and Combined Exercise Modalities on Cholesterol and the Lipid Profile:Review, Synthesis and Recommendations

There is a direct relationship between chronically elevated cholesterol levels (dyslipidaemia) and coronary heart disease. A reduction in total cholesterol is considered the gold standard in preventative cardiovascular medicine. Exercise has been shown to have positive impacts on the pathogenesis, symptomatology and physical fitness of individuals with dyslipidaemia, and to reduce cholesterol levels. The optimal mode, frequency, intensity and duration of exercise for improvement of cholesterol levels are, however, yet to be identified. This review assesses the evidence from 13 published investigations and two review articles that have addressed the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined aerobic and resistance training on cholesterol levels and the lipid profile. The data included in this review confirm the beneficial effects of regular activity on cholesterol levels and describe the impacts of differing volumes and intensities of exercise upon different types of cholesterol. Evidence-based exercise recommendations are presented, aimed at facilitating the prescription and delivery of interventions in order to optimize cholesterol levels

Evaluation of First Voided Urine Samples For Detection of Ureaplasma Uriealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis in Urinary Tracts of Men and Women Suffering from Nongonococcal and Nonspecific Urethritis

Introduction: Ureaplasma uriealyticum is one of the most important causes of Nongonococcal and Nonspecific urethritis (NGU & NSU) in men. Mycoplasma hominis too has a causal role in NGU & NSU. This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to detect Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma uriealyticum in first voided urine samples in men suffering from NGU & NSU without complaints of urethral secretions and in women with clinical symptoms despite negative vaginal secretion culture test results. Methods: First voided urine samples were taken from 150 patients (21 women & 129 men) suffering from NGU & NSU who referred to the Division of Bacteriology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2004-2005. Samples were examined by culture method. Results: Cultures were positive for Mycoplasma and Ureoplasma in 49 (32.6 %) of the 150 samples. Of the 21 samples taken from women, 5 samples were positive for Mycoplasma & Ureoplasma (2 samples Mycoplasma, 3 samples Ureaplasma). Samples from 44 men were positive for Ureoplasma & Mycoplasma(17 samples Mycoplasma, 4 samples Ureaplasma and 23 samples were positive for both). Ureoplasma urealyticum was detected in 30 samples (20%) and Mycoplasma hominis, was detected in 42 samples (28%). Conclusion: The results of this study provides evidence that culture tests can be done using voided urine in order to detect Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in patients suffering from Nongonococcal urethris; men who do not have urethral secretions and women with clinical symptoms despite negative vaginal secretion culture test results

Heat transfer and flow analysis of Al2O3-Water nanofluids in interrupted microchannel heat sink with ellipse and diamond ribs in the transverse microchambers

A three-dimensional numerical simulation of an interrupted microchannel heat sink is performed to investigate the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid flow. In the first part the effect of two different rib shapes on flow characteristics is studied to find the optimum design. In this part water is used as working fluid. For the second part of the present work, an Al2O3/water nanofluid with different volume fractions is modeled as the working fluid, and its performance is compared to water. Analysis shows that using ellipse ribs results in better performance of the microchannel rather than diamond ribs and no ribs. It was also shown that at least 2% of nanoparticles volume fraction is required to achieve an enhancement in heat transfer

How old is too old?: Matched analysis of geriatric patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Review INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to utilize a national database to identify how age affects patient outcomes following anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). There are no established age guidelines for the geriatric population within the spine specialty, which makes patient selection challenging. Furthermore, there are conflicting studies for the risks of performing spine surgeries in the elderly. METHODS: A retrospective review of the Mariner Claims Database was conducted on patients who underwent a single level ALIF (CPT 22558) between 2010 and 2018. Patients were separated into three groups by age: 50-64, 65-74, and 75-84 and matched with respect to gender, smoking, and comorbidity burden. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the independent effect of outpatient surgery on the postoperative outcomes after adjusting for demographic factors and pertinent comorbidities. Statistical significance was set at p \u3c 0.05. RESULTS: The study identified 8459 matched patients (3350 50-64; 3350 65-74; and 1759 75-84). Compared with patients aged 50-64, patients aged 65-74 and 75-84 had significantly increased risks of pneumonia (65-74: OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.24, p = 0.025; 75-84: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.07-2.42, p = 0.022), sepsis (65-74: OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.36-3.76, p = 0.002; 75-84: OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.43-4.13, p = 0.001), and major complications (65-74: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74, p = 0.021; 75-84: OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.95, p = 0.006) (Table 2). There were no significant differences between patients aged 65-74 and 75-84 for risks of postoperative pneumonia, sepsis, and major complications (p \u3e 0.05). There were no differences between any groups in terms of long-term outcomes such as pseudoarthrosis, implant related complications, or reoperation (p \u3e 0.05) (Table 3). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The study showed that those older than 65 had a significant increase in risk of pneumonia, sepsis, and major complications following ALIF. In the two cohorts above the age of 65 (65-74 and 75-84) there was no significant differences in postoperative outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3

Forced convective and subcooled flow boiling heat transfer to pure water and n-heptane in an annular heat exchanger

Abstract not availableS.M. Peyghambarzadeh, M.M. Sarafraz, N. Vaeli, E. Ameri, A. Vatani, M. Jamialahmad

Frequency-based underwater terrain segmentation

A method for segmenting three-dimensional data of underwater unstructured terrains is presented. The three-dimensional point clouds are converted to two-dimensional elevation maps and analyzed for segmentation in the frequency domain. The lower frequency components represent the slower varying undulations of the underlying ground. The cut-off frequency, below which the frequency components form the ground surface, is determined automatically using peak detection. The user can also specify a maximum admissible size of objects to drive the automatic detection of the cut-off frequency. The points above the estimated ground surface are clustered via standard proximity clustering to form object segments. The precision of the segmentation is compared against ground truth hand labelled data acquired by a stereo camera pair and a structured light sensor. It is also evaluated for registration error when the extracted segments are used for sub-map alignment. The proposed approach is compared to three point cloud based and two image based segmentation algorithms. The results show that the approach is applicable to a range of different terrains and is able to generate features useful for navigation. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

FFT-based terrain segmentation for underwater mapping

A method for segmenting three-dimensional scans of underwater unstructured terrains is presented. Individual terrain scans are represented as an elevation map and analysed using fast Fourier transform (FFT). The segmentation of the ground surface is performed in the frequency domain. The lower frequency components represent the slower varying undulations of the underlying ground whose segmentation is similar to de-noising/low pass filtering. The cut-off frequency, below which ground frequency components are selected, is automatically determined using peak detection. The user can specify a maximum admissible size of objects (relative to the extent of the scan) to drive the automatic detection of the cut-off frequency. The points above the estimated ground surface are clustered via standard proximity clustering to form object segments. The approach is evaluated using ground truth hand labelled data. It is also evaluated for registration error when the segments are fed as features to an alignment algorithm. In both sets of experiments, the approach is compared to three other segmentation techniques. The results show that the approach is applicable to a range of different terrains and is able to generate features useful for navigation