Effect of G × E interaction on oil and protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)

Oil and protein content in wheat grain are quality indicators important for food processing, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. These and many other quality parameters could be signiticantly influenced by genotype, growing conditions and cultivation practices, especially fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of genotype, growing season, mitrogen (N) fertilization and their interactions on the oil and protein content in 24 varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). Field trials with two N rates (low nitrogen N4s and high nitrogen Nii) were conducted at the location of Rimski Sanéevi, Serbia, during two growing seasons. The oil was extracted from wheat bran obtained by laboratory mill MLU 202. Classical Rushkovsky method was used to determine oil content, while protein content was determined by the ICC 105/2 method. Significant variability was found among the genotypes for both analysed traits. In two growing seasons and at different N rates, the oil content varied from 2.02% to 5.58%, with the average value of 3.96% and coefficient of variation (CV) 9.2%. The protein content ranged from 10.7% to 17.7% with the CV of 3.1%. All sources of variation (genotype - G, year - Y and N fertilization - F) and their interactions had significant effects on oil and protein content, except the Y x F interaction on the latter. Regarding the oil content, the effect of the year was stronger than the effect of nitrogen. In contrast, protein content was more affected by the N fertilization than by the year. Principal component analysis was used for grouping genotypes according to their stability and reaction to different growing environments. Cvs. Cipovka, Dragana and Simonida were identified as very stable with high oil content in different growing conditions, while cvs. Bankut 1205 and Banatka were identified as potential sources of high protein content. The identified genotypes can serve as parents in wheat breeding for higher oil and protein content

Dexamethasone for adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis: 20 years of experience in daily practice

The aim of the study was to assess adjunctive intravenous dexamethasone in adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis (BM) in daily practice. Analysis of consecutive patients (1990-2009) with acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in a single centre in Zagreb, Croatia, N = 304. Adjusted relative risks [RR, dexamethasone vs. no dexamethasone (control)] of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) = 1 (death) and GOS = 5 (full recovery) at discharge/end of specific treatment were estimated considering demographics; co-morbidity; BM pathogenesis and on-admission characteristics, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation markers; causative agent and antibiotic use. Two hundred forty (79%) patients had proven BM (43.1% Streptococcus pneumoniae, any other agent ≤ 8.2%). No independent effects of dexamethasone on GOS = 1 or GOS = 5 were observed in the entire cohort (dexamethasone n = 119, control n = 185; RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.77-1.45 and RR = 0.99, CI 0.83-1.20, respectively), microbiologically proven disease (dexamethasone n = 104, control n = 136; RR = 0.97, CI 0.69-1.38 and RR = 1.03, CI 0.82-1.28), pneumococcal disease (dexamethasone n = 71, control n = 60; RR = 0.95, CI 0.53-1.70 and RR = 0.82, CI 0.57-1.18), and also in other BM, subgroups based on consciousness disturbance, CSF markers, prior use of antibiotics and timing of appropriate antibiotic treatment. CSF markers did not predict the outcomes. Conclusions: Our experience does not substantiate the reported benefits of adjunctive dexamethasone in adult BM. Socio-economic and methodological factors do not seem to explain this discrepancy. Empirical use of dexamethasone in this setting appears controversial

GENOTYPE × YEAR INTERACTION ON RYE PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS CULTIVATED ON SANDY CHERNOZEM SOIL

Rye is a dual-purpose crop, for nutrition but also for bioenergy. The selection of rye is aimed at its improvement as a plant for human and animal consumption, but also it is interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. There is a growing demand for sustainable sources of biomass worldwide. Directions for achieving rye selection for energy purposes include selection to increase biomass yield and corresponding physiological properties. During three years (2019-2021), four rye genotypes were examined. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of genotype (G), year (Y) and their interaction (G×Y) on rye productivity parameters: plant height (PH), spike length (SL), 1000-grain weight (TGW), hectoliter mass (HM), green biomass yield (GBY), biogas yield (BGY) as well as the possibility of using rye as an alternative fuel. Rye is an excellent raw material for the production of healthy food, but also for the production of biofuels. The study discussed the potential use of four high yielding genotypes for biofuel production. Genotype G1 (25.29 t ha-1) had a statistically significantly higher average green biomass yield compared to genotypes G2, G3 and G4 (22.98 t ha-1, 23.56 t ha-1 and 23.76 t ha-1). Significant G×Y interactions demonstrate differences between rye genotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plant height was directly proportional to biomass yield. As one of the targets in breeding programs, to develop taller cultivars as biofuel feedstock. Screening and selection of appropriate rye varieties for each region is critical for optimum results. © 2022, Genetika. All Rights Reserved

Relationships among oil content, protein content and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)

Assessment of health-beneficial chemicals in wheat grain and oran, such as proteins and oil is important for the breeding due to increased consume: cernands ior healthier food. Also, it is very important to know their relationships with the grein yield and to what extent they could be modified by growing conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate oil and protein contents, as well as grain yield of 25 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) varieties and to establish correlations among these traits in different environments. The field studies were performed on three different experimental sites in Serbia during two growing seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11). The investigated locations representing Serbia’s most important wheat-growing areas: Rimski Sancevi (45°20’N, 19°51'F 37 m altitude), Sremska Mitrovica (46°06'N, 19°33'E, 83 m altitude) and Pancevo (44°50 N, 20°40°E, 76 m altitude). The oil was extracted from wheat bran obtained by laboratory mi! MLU 202. Classical Rushkovsky method was used to determine oil content, while protein content was determined by the ICC 105/2 method. Significant variability was found among the genotypes for all analysed traits. In the six environments, the oil content varied from 2 “> 5.6%. with the average value of 3.8% and coefficient of variation (CV) 15.7%. The protein content ranged from 11.2% to 17.8% with the CV of 5.4%, while the grain yield varied fram 2.3 to 9.8 t/ha, with the CV of 17.8%. The average genotypic values for all environments have shown negative correlation between protein content and grain yield (r=-0.739**). This correlation was highly significant in three (E3, E4 and £6) out of six environments, while significant positive correlation between oil content and grain yield (r=0.441*) was found only in Ee. The established correlations between the traits are highly environmentally dependant and co. » modified by variable growing conditions. It will be very valuable for breeding process to identufy climatic variables and growing conditions that modify unwanted correlations, 2s well as to identify genotypes in which these correlations are not expressed !n orce iow successful breeding for improvement of both traits at the same time. For positive correlations it is also useful to know the favourable conditions in which they can be maximiz

Biometric analyses of yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different environments.

The objectives and of this Study were: 1) to investigate the effects of genotype, yield in 25 varieties their interactions on the oii content, protein content and grain traits in different environments, of winter wheat, 2) to estimate the correlations among these variabies and and 3) to evaluate the effect of different climatic The field experiments their interactions with wheat genotypes for the examined traits

Polymorphism of microsatellite loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and related species

This study analysed polymorphism of 15 microsatellite loci in the col­lection comprising of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 32 genotypes belonging to other species within Triticum genus and 3 genotypes from Aegilops genus. The results showed significant differences in the variability of the tested loci in bread wheat and related species. In the collection of bread wheat genotypes, 119 alleles were detected with the average number of 7.9 alleles per locus. In wild and cultivated related species 157 alleles were identified, with the average of 10.5 alleles per locus. All analysed parameters of micro­satellite loci variability (PIC value, gene diversity, heterozygosity, etc.) indicated higher level of polymorphism in wild relatives than in the cultivated bread wheat. Analyses of individual genomes indicated that in the bread wheat genetic diversity of the B and D genomes was significantly reduced in relation to the A genome, while the differences in polymorphism between genomes in the wild relatives were significantly lower. The results showed that wild related species can be used as sources for new variability in wheat breeding. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development