Bycatch in a Commercial Lobster Fishery: Effects on Two Benthic Predators, Sea Raven and Longhorn Sculpin

Studying the species‐specific responses to fishing capture is critical for effective management and conservation of bycatch species given that acute stress incurred from capture and handling may ultimately lead to mortality. While species of low commercial value are often overlooked, having accurate information on the effects of capture on all species is necessary for ecosystem‐based management. Sea Raven (SR) Hemitripterus americanus and Longhorn Sculpin (LHS) Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus are routinely captured in the commercial American lobster Homarus americanus fishery in the Gulf of Maine, and they are discarded due to low commercial value. Despite a lack of economic value, these predatory species play important roles in shaping the benthic communities that they inhabit, highlighting the need to study their stress and mortality due to capture and handling. To help understand the effects of the lobster fishery on these species, the current study evaluated the physical, behavioral, and physiological stress responses of SR and LHS to capture in the state of Maine Zone G commercial lobster fishery. Collectively, our results suggest that although these species appeared to be resilient to capture based on an overt injury assessment, stress responses occurred based on reflex impairment and physiological perturbations, and these responses were species‐specific. Given the prevalence of behavioral and physiological stress in this study, further research into the survival outcomes of SR and LHS following release in the commercial lobster fishery is warranted

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a second generation water Cherenkov detector designed to determine whether the currently observed solar neutrino deficit is a result of neutrino oscillations. The detector is unique in its use of D2O as a detection medium, permitting it to make a solar model-independent test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis by comparison of the charged- and neutral-current interaction rates. In this paper the physical properties, construction, and preliminary operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are described. Data and predicted operating parameters are provided whenever possible.Comment: 58 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth. Uses elsart and epsf style files. For additional information about SNO see http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca . This version has some new reference

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of lgl2 is developmentally regulated in fetal lung

To investigate molecular mechanisms of lung organogenesis, we searched for glucocorticoid-inducible genes in developing lung. We cloned LGL2, a developmentally and hormonally regulated gene in fetal lung (Zhang, C., N. B. Sweezey, S. Gagnon, B. Muskat, D. Koehler, M. Post, and F. Kaplan. 2000. A novel karyopherin-beta homolog is developmentally and hormonally regulated in fetal lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:451-459). A comparison of IgI2 protein to sequences in the genome database suggested that IgI2 is a nuclear transport receptor. We report on the functional characterization of IgI2 as an importin 0 protein and on the developmental regulation of its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in fetal lung. We investigated the subcellular localization and Ran-binding properties of IgI2 and its N- and C-terminal regions. We used fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching and fluorescence loss in photobleaching to study nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of IgI2. We showed that N-terminal IgI2 supports shuttling at a reduced rate. We showed that the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of IgI2 favors the nucleus in fetal lung and that IgI2 enters the nucleus much more rapidly at fetal Day 18 than at Day 21. Total nuclear recovery of IgI2 was dramatically different at the two time points. Early in development, nuclear import of transcription factors in response to hormones and growth agonists regulates prominent signal transduction pathways that govern lung organogenesis. We speculate that IgI2 may be one important modulator of this process