Immunohistochemical and tissue array study for comparison of the expression of tumor suppressor genes and intercellular adhesive molecules in colorectal adenocarcinoma and nontumoral colon

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma is a main health problem in many countries and the third common cancer in Iran. This malignancy at present is the most curable carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. Variation in the expression of the proteins produced by P53, P21, P16, E-cadherin, and β-catenin genes have been noted in this malignancy and may be important in the prognosis and therapeutic response rate. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and pattern of expression of these proteins in tumoral and nontumoral colonic mucosa. The correlation with prognostic factors including tumor stage, grade, and vascular and perineural invasion was also determined. Material and Methods: The paraffin blocks from tumoral and nontumoral parts of the colon obtained from 58 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were studied along with 50 colectomic cases in individuals without malignancy. Cylindrical tissue fragments were obtained from appropriate parts of donor blocks by using a 2.5 mm punch biopsy instrument. Each 30 samples were manually arrayed in one tissue array block. Expression of above genes was investigated after sectioning the blocks and immunohistochemical staining of slides. Results: The expression of P53 in tumor cells was significantly more common than in colonic nontumor cells and colon of individuals without tumor (p<0.001); expression of this protein in tumoral tissues was directly related to vascular invasion (p=0.017). The expression frequency of P21 and P16 in tumor cells was less than nontumoral tissues of patients with cancer and patients without cancer (p<0.001). These two gene products showed no correlation with prognostic factors. The expression frequency of membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin in tumor cells was not different from controls, while the membranous expression of E-cadherin was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.023) and vascular invasion (p=0.025). In addition, the membranous expression of β-catenin was inversely related to vascular invasion (p=0.049). Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of β-catenin in tumor cells were significantly higher than their expression in the controls (p<0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of this marker was inversely related to disease stage (p=0.013), while its nuclear expression was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.012). Conclusion: According to our data, it seems that we are able to predict aggressive capacity of the colorectal tumor by determining the frequency and pattern of expression of P53, E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins. These studies can be done simply on formalin-fixed small biopsy samples before surgery to provide valuable information for surgeons, gastroenterologists, and oncologists to choose the best therapeutic approach and predict the therapeutic response. Manual tissue array method is believed to be an economical technique for similar research projects

Determination of Peroxide Value of Edible Oils Used in Confectionary, Restaurants and Sandwich Shops in Gorgan in 2011

Introduction: High-rate frying with oil is a cause of hydrolyzation, oxidation and polymerization of oil, thus making free radicals in the human body. These free radicals can lead to cancer, inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, aging and others. The aim of this study was to survey the peroxide value of edible oils used in confectionary, restaurants and sandwich shops in Gorgan in 2011. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on all confectionaries (n=43) Restaurants (n=15) and Sandwich Shops (n=66) in Gorgan in 2011. Samples were collected in the hours that oil was very hot. Samples were collected based on national standard procedure, number 493. After the transfer of samples to the chemistry laboratory of environmental health engineering department, the number of peroxide was determined based on national standard procedure, number 4179. Results: Out of 24 samples of the confectioneries, (56%) were consumable and 19 samples (44%) were inedible (p=0.015). Out of 15 restaurants and central kitchen, 6 cases (40%) were consumable and 9 cases (60%) were inedible. (p=0.021), and from 66 samples of sandwiches, 12 (18%) were consumable and 54 samples (82%) were inedible (p=0.000). The differences between the samples of consumable and inedible in three group was significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: The findings show that Peroxide value in sandwich and fast food shops, restaurants, and confectionary shop are higher than the standard, so its seems that having educational plan for staff about nutrition and the correct methods of frying food is necessary

Review. the Story of Melanocyte: Long Way From Bench to Bedside

Skin is composed of major layers, a superficial epidermis and a deeper dermis. The color of skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin. Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, namely albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs. Vitiligo is associated with significant psychosocial morbidity and profound effect on quality of life. Topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and surgery are most common treatments. However, there are many patients who do not respond to any of these modalities. The transplantation of cultured or non-cultured melanocyte is the most important treatment for hypopigmentory disorders. In this study, we are going to assess the history of melanocyte cultivation and evaluate the effectiveness of transplantation cultured cells. We examined the beginning process of isolation, characterization, and transplantation of epidermal cells. This review, summarize our current understanding of the cutaneous pigmentary system from the start of synthesis in the pigment cells, along with the response of repigmentation. During the production of melanin, melanosomes are transferred to neighboring keratinocyte in order to form perinuclear melanin caps. The objective of this review is to analyze the melanocytes transplantation in the last century up to now, and how epidermal cells can increase pigmentation in hypo-pigmented areas in skin disorders. Also, we focus on the story of the melanocyte back to 1950. In addition, prior systemic therapy was associated with a significant increase significant increase based on combined additional therapy, achieving desired results and improved outcomes. Despite the short study of a long way of melanocyte assessment and follow up patient's treatment, results of the all reports were confirmed the efficacy of the used method in the treatment of stable vitiligo who did not respond to the common algorithms of non-invasive treatments

A randomized, double-blind, phase I clinical trial of fetal cell-based skin substitutes on healing of donor sites in burn patients

Background: Due to limited graft donor sites in extensive burns, re-harvesting of a single donor area is very common. Given the importance of fetal fibroblasts in accelerating fetal wound healing, fetal cell-based skin substitutes have emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for regenerating damaged skin. In this trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility and potential efficacy of application of amniotic membranes seeded with fetal fibroblasts for accelerating donor sites healing in burn patients. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase I clinical trial, 10 patients with total burn surface area of 10�55 were enrolled. Three equal parts (10 � 10 cm) were selected in donor site of each patient and covered by Vaseline gauze (control group), amniotic membrane (AM group), or amniotic membrane seeded with fetal fibroblasts (AM-F group). Adverse events, pain intensity scores, and wound sizes were recorded on days 4, 8, 11, 14, and 20 post-treatment. Also, histological assessments were done on days 0 and 14 after the surgery. Results: All patients underwent surgery, and no adverse events occurred during the procedure and follow-up period. Significantly lower pain intensity and higher healing rates were observed in AM-F and AM groups compared to the control group. Moreover, mean complete re-epithelializatin in AM-F and AM groups were 10.1 ± 2.4 and 11.3 ± 2.9 days, showing that the healing process was significantly accelerated compared to the control group with mean closure time of 14.8 ± 1.6 days. Histological assessment showed lower inflammatory cells infiltration in AM-F and AM groups compared to control group. Conclusions: This study indicated the safety of transplantation of amniotic membrane seeded with fetal fibroblasts for treatment of donor sites in burn patients; however, preliminary assessments showed no benefits for this therapeutic modality over amniotic membrane alone. Thus, to draw accurate conclusions, further trials in larger populations should be conducted. Level of Evidence: This study is assigned as level I. © 201