Chlorido(4,4′,4′′-tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)­platinum(II) chloride toluene monosolvate

In the title compound, [PtCl(C27H35N3)]Cl·C7H8, the PtII atom is coordinated in a pseudo-square-planar fashion by the N atoms of a 4,4′,4′′-tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (tbtrpy) ligand and a Cl atom. The Pt—N distance of the N atom on the central pyridine is 1.941 (4) Å, while the peripheral N atoms have Pt—N distances of 2.015 (4) and 2.013 (4) Å. The Pt—Cl bond distance is 2.3070 (10) Å. The cations pack as dimers in a head-to-tail orientation with an inter­molecular Pt⋯Pt distance of 3.2774 (3) Å and Pt⋯N distances of 3.599 (4), 3.791 (4) and 4.115 (4) Å. The solvent mol­ecule is disordered and occupies two positions with a ratio of 0.553 (6):0.447 (6)

Relations of civil liberties and women's health satisfaction around the globe: the explanatory power of autonomy

Research on how sociopolitical factors differentially affect the health and well-being of individuals is nascent and mechanisms responsible have not yet been identified. This work examined how the civil liberties afforded across 79 countries differentially affect the health satisfaction of men and women and tested one potential reason for this link: autonomy satisfaction, the experience of being choiceful, and free to express oneself. Women reported lower health satisfaction in countries that were lower in civil liberties, a relation mediated by autonomy. Implications for women and other marginalized groups most affected by a society’s restrictive policies and norms are discussed

Capacity analysis of a PMR system with DAB downlink

Several trunked private mobile radio (PMR) systems have been designed over the last decade, most of which have symmetric downlink and uplink channel capacities. These systems may not be spectrally efficient in case of group or broadcast-based voice and data calls, a common feature of PMR systems. We propose a new asymmetric PMR system comprising a wideband OFDM-based downlink and a narrowband uplink, which not only achieves a better spectral efficiency but also can support high bit rate multimedia applications. The system is shown to have high trunking efficiency since all users are assumed to use the pool of channels available in the wideband downlink. In this paper, we study the performance and capacity of a private mobile radio system using a digital audio broadcasting (DAB) downlink. In particular, we study the efficiency of such a system for voice calls using voice activity detection and statistical multiplexing. Moreover, we show that, the efficiency of the system can significantly increase, if the incoming calls, which can not find an available channel, are allowed to wait a certain amount of time before occupying a channel. © 2003 IEEE

Distribution of raphespinal fibers in the mouse spinal cord

Background: Serotonergic raphespinal neurons and their fibers have been mapped in large mammals, but the non- serotonergic ones have not been studied, especially in the mouse. The present study aimed to investigate the termination pattern of fibers arising from the hindbrain raphe and reticular nuclei which also have serotonergic neurons by injecting the anterograde tracer BDA into them. Results: We found that raphespinal fibers terminate in both the dorsal and ventral horns in addition to lamina 10. There is a shift of the fibers in the ventral horn towards the dorsal and lateral part of the gray matter. Considerable variation in the termination pattern also exists between raphe nuclei with raphe magnus having more fibers terminating in the dorsal horn. Fibers from the adjacent gigantocellular reticular nucleus show similar termination pattern as those from the raphe nuclei with slight difference. Immunofluorescence staining showed that raphespinal fibers were heterogeneous and serotoninergic fibers were present in all laminae but mainly in laminae 1, 2, medial lamina 8, laminae 9 and 10. Surprisingly, immunofluorescence staining on clarified spinal cord tissue revealed that serotoninergic fibers formed bundles regularly in a short distance along the rostrocaudal axis in the medial part of the ventral horn and they extended towards the lateral motor neuron column area. Conclusion: Serotonergic and non-serotonergic fibers arising from the hindbrain raphe and reticular nuclei had similar termination pattern in the mouse spinal cord with subtle difference. The present study provides anatomical foundation for the multiple roles raphe and adjacent reticular nuclei play

Proteomic and transcriptomic changes in hibernating grizzly bears reveal metabolic and signaling pathways that protect against muscle atrophy

Muscle atrophy is a physiological response to disuse and malnutrition, but hibernating bears are largely resistant to this phenomenon. Unlike other mammals, they efficiently reabsorb amino acids from urine, periodically activate muscle contraction, and their adipocytes differentially responds to insulin. The contribution of myocytes to the reduced atrophy remains largely unknown. Here we show how metabolism and atrophy signaling are regulated in skeletal muscle of hibernating grizzly bear. Metabolic modeling of proteomic changes suggests an autonomous increase of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in muscle and treatment of differentiated myoblasts with NEAA is sufficient to induce hypertrophy. Our comparison of gene expression in hibernation versus muscle atrophy identified several genes differentially regulated during hibernation, including Pdk4 and Serpinf1. Their trophic effects extend to myoblasts from non-hibernating species (including C. elegans), as documented by a knockdown approach. Together, these changes reflect evolutionary favored adaptations that, once translated to the clinics, could help improve atrophy treatment

Lung cancer survival among Florida male firefighters

IntroductionLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and death in the United States. Although most firefighters are fit and do not smoke, they are exposed to many known carcinogens during and in the aftermath of firefighting activities. Comprehensive epidemiologic investigations on lung cancer survival for both career and volunteer firefighters have not been undertaken.MethodsData from the Florida Cancer Data System (1981–2014) were linked with firefighter certification records from the Florida State Fire Marshal’s Office to identify all patients of this occupational group; lung cancer cause-specific survival data were compared with other occupational groups using Cox regression models with occupation as the main effect. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsOut of 210,541 male lung cancer cases diagnosed in Florida (1981–2014), 761 were firefighters (604 career, 157 volunteer). Lung cancer death was similar between volunteer (75.2%) and career firefighters (74.0%) but lower than non-firefighters (80.0%). Survival at 5 years was higher among firefighters (29.7%; career: 30.3%; volunteer: 27.4%) than non-firefighters (23.8%). In a multivariable model, compared with non-firefighters, firefighters have significantly higher cause-specific survival (aHR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77–0.91; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant survival differences between career and volunteer firefighters (1.14; 0.93–1.39; p = 0.213). In a separate multivariable model with firefighters as the comparator, other broad occupational groups had significantly lower cause-specific survival [white collar: 1.11 (1.02–1.21); blue collar: 1.15 (1.05–1.25); service: 1.13 (1.03–1.25); others/unknown: 1.21 (1.12–1.32); all p-values < 0.02].ConclusionLung cancer survival is significantly higher among firefighters compared with non-firefighters, but there is no significant difference between career and volunteer firefighters. Improved survival for firefighters might be due to a healthy worker effect, lower smoking prevalence relative to other worker groups, and possibly superior treatment adherence and compliance. Many firefighters are cross-trained as EMTs/paramedics and possess a level of medical knowledge that may favorably impact treatment engagement and better navigation of complex cancer care