444 research outputs found
Spacetime metric from linear electrodynamics
The Maxwell equations are formulated on an arbitrary (1+3)-dimensional
manifold. Then, imposing a (constrained) linear constitutive relation between
electromagnetic field and excitation , we derive
the metric of spacetime therefrom.Comment: 4 pages' latex-scrip
Portable inhalation systemfor a dosed insulin supply
Интенсивная инсулинотерапия необходима для контроля состояния пациентов с диабетом.Несмотря на постоянное усовершенствование инсулинотерапии, все ещ? существует проблема неудобства режимов многократных инъекций инсулина. Целью данной работы является создание системы, позволяющей осуществлять ингаляцию инсулина.Intensive insulin therapy is necessary for the control of a condition diabetic patients. Despite the constant improvement of insulin therapy, there is still the problem of discomfort repeated regimes of insulin injections. The objective of this work is to create a system that allows the inhalation of insulin
Mid-Pliocene shifts in ocean overturning circulation and the onset of Quaternary-style climates
A major tipping point of Earth's history occurred during the mid-Pliocene: the onset of major Northern-Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) and of pronounced, Quaternary-style cycles of glacial-to-interglacial climates, that contrast with more uniform climates over most of the preceding Cenozoic and continue until today (Zachos et al., 2001). The severe deterioration of climate occurred in three steps between 3.2 Ma (warm MIS K3) and 2.7 Ma (glacial MIS G6/4) (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). Various models (sensu Driscoll and Haug, 1998) and paleoceanographic records (intercalibrated using orbital age control) suggest clear linkages between the onset of NHG and the three steps in the final closure of the Central American Seaways (CAS), deduced from rising salinity differences between Caribbean and the East Pacific. Each closing event led to an enhanced North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and this strengthened the poleward transport of salt and heat (warmings of +2–3°C) (Bartoli et al., 2005). Also, the closing resulted in a slight rise in the poleward atmospheric moisture transport to northwestern Eurasia (Lunt et al., 2007), which probably led to an enhanced precipitation and fluvial run-off, lower sea surface salinity (SSS), and an increased sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, hence promoting albedo and the build-up of continental ice sheets. Most important, new evidence shows that the closing of the CAS led to greater steric height of the North Pacific and thus doubled the low-saline Arctic Throughflow from the Bering Strait to the East Greenland Current (EGC). Accordingly, Labrador Sea IODP Site 1307 displays an abrupt but irreversible EGC cooling of 6°C and freshening by ~2 psu from 3.25/3.16–3.00 Ma, right after the first but still reversible attempt of closing the CAS
Quasi-stars, giants and the Sch\"onberg-Chandrasekhar limit
The Sch\"onberg-Chandrasekhar (SC) limit is a well-established result in the
understanding of stellar evolution. It provides an estimate of the point at
which an evolved isothermal core embedded in an extended envelope begins to
contract. We investigate contours of constant fractional mass in terms of
homology invariant variables U and V and find that the SC limit exists because
the isothermal core solution does not intersect all the contours for an
envelope with polytropic index 3. We find that this analysis also applies to
similar limits in the literature including the inner mass limit for polytropic
models of quasi-stars. Consequently, any core solution that does not intersect
all the fractional mass contours exhibits an associated limit and we identify
several relevant cases where this is so. We show that a composite polytrope is
at a fractional core mass limit when its core solution touches but does not
cross the contour of the corresponding fractional core mass. We apply this test
to realistic models of helium stars and find that stars typically expand when
their cores are near a mass limit. Furthermore, it appears that stars that
evolve into giants have always first exceeded an SC-like limit.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, published in MNRAS. Updated to (more closely)
match published versio
Silver and copper fractionation in MORB
Ag and Cu are strongly chalcophile elements, and their behavior in magmatic systems is highly dependent on the presence of solid or liquid sulfide phase in magmas and their sources..
Phonon and Elastic Instabilities in MoC and MoN
We present several results related to the instability of MoC and MoN in the
B1 (sodium chloride) structure. These compounds were proposed as potential
superconductors with moderately high transition temperatures. We show that the
elastic instability in B1-structure MoN, demonstrated several years ago,
persists at elevated pressures, thus offering little hope of stabilizing this
material without chemical doping. For MoC, another material for which
stoichiometric fabrication in the B1-structure has not proven possible, we find
that all of the cubic elastic constants are positive, indicating elastic
stability. Instead, we find X-point phonon instabilities in MoC (and in MoN as
well), further illustrating the rich behavior of carbo-nitride materials. We
also present additional electronic structure results for several transition
metal (Zr, Nb and Mo) carbo-nitride systems and discuss systematic trends in
the properties of these materials. Deviations from strict electron counting
dependencies are apparent.Comment: 5 pages and 4 trailing figures. Submitted to PR
Stationary Flows of the Parabolic Potential Barrier in Two Dimensions
In the two-dimensional isotropic parabolic potential barrier , though it is a model of an unstable system in quantum
mechanics, we can obtain the stationary states corresponding to the real energy
eigenvalue . Further, they are infinitely degenerate. For the first few
eigenstates, we will find the stationary flows round a right angle that are
expressed by the complex velocity potentials .Comment: 12 pages, AmS-LaTeX, 4 figure
Wave propagation in linear electrodynamics
The Fresnel equation governing the propagation of electromagnetic waves for
the most general linear constitutive law is derived. The wave normals are found
to lie, in general, on a fourth order surface. When the constitutive
coefficients satisfy the so-called reciprocity or closure relation, one can
define a duality operator on the space of the two-forms. We prove that the
closure relation is a sufficient condition for the reduction of the fourth
order surface to the familiar second order light cone structure. We finally
study whether this condition is also necessary.Comment: 13 pages. Phys. Rev. D, to appea
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