18 research outputs found

    How do parents manage irritability, challenging behavior, non-compliance and anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders? A meta-synthesis

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    Although there is increasing research interest in the parenting of children with ASD, at present, little is known about everyday strategies used to manage problem behaviour. We conducted a meta-synthesis to explore what strategies parents use to manage irritability, non-compliance, challenging behaviour and anxiety in their children with ASD. Approaches included: (1) accommodating the child; (2) modifying the environment; (3) providing structure, routine and occupation; (4) supervision and monitoring; (5) managing non-compliance with everyday tasks; (6) responding to problem behaviour; (7) managing distress; (8) maintaining safety and (9) analysing and planning. Results suggest complex parenting demands in children with ASD and problem behaviour. Findings will inform the development of a new measure to quantify parenting strategies relevant to ASD

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    URUK E'UNA COLLANA DI PUBBLICAZIONI IN FORMA DI RIVISTA TABLOID, UN PRODOTTO EDITORIALE CHE INTENDE SVILUPPARE UN DIBATTITO SULLA CITTA' CONTEMPORANEA NEL N\ub00 SI PONGONO LE BASI SCIENTIFICHE DI QUESTO TEMA A PARTIRE DALLA PRESENTAZIONE DI ALCUNI PROGETTI E REALIZZAZIONI IN ITALI

    Phenotypic mismatch repair hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene expression profiles in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas

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    Background: Defects in the human DNA mismatch repair genes (MMR) hMSH2 and hMLH1 arc responsible for the development of sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers. The role of MMR genes in the pathogenesis of lung cancer has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to address the phenotypic mRNA expression profiles of mismatch DNA repair system in lung cancer. Materials and methods: We evaluated the mRNA levels of the hMSH2 and hMLH1 components of the mismatch DNA repair (MMR) system in 29 unselected frozen pairs of primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) and their adjacent normal tissue (ANTs) specimens by quantitative real-time PCR analysis relative to housekeeping Porphobilinogen deaminase (hPBGD) mRNA. To simplify and potentially improve the analysis of data, we defined for each individual MMR mRNA two possible phenotypes: a regular (R(2): hMSH2/hPBGD mRNAs >= 1 and R(1): hMLH1/hPBGD mRNAs >= 1) and a reduced (r(2): hMSH2/hPBGD mRNAs < 1 and r(1): hMLH1/hPBGD mRNAs < 1). The presence of MMR gene expression was evaluated after conversion of the molecular mRNA levels into clinically distinct phenotypic entities by these working criteria, based on the hypothesis that reduced mRNA and protein levels result in lower or non-functional MMR. Results: Phenotyping defined four distinct MMR system expression profiles, R(2)R(1), r(2)R(1), R(2)r(1) and r(2)r(1) by ascending tumor progression rate and identified a previously unrecognized disease-associated phenotypic entity (r(2)r(1)). The phenotype-based biological aspects of the MMR system suggested that its two components: (1) function independently and (2) are not directly involved in the onset of the transformation process, since healthy lung tissue was devoid of r(2)r(1) phenotypes. Conclusion: These findings link MMR mRNA levels of paired lung tissue specimens to patients' clinical condition and suggest that phenotypic translation of molecular MMR data refines the biology of the MMR system with consequent diagnostic implications in the clinical assessment of lung cancer patients. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
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